Not only that, but costs of solid wastes are avoided, and Ann Arbor no longer operates its own landfill; instead it pays $28 a ton for non-recyclables to be hauled to a private landfill, Porter explains.
Like Porter, author Don Fullerton is not shy about exposing the fiscal reality of recycling from the market perspective; he even suggests that cities perhaps have launched curbside recycling programs with "incomplete information" (Fullerton, 2002, p. 161). Once local and state policy makers discover how expensive it is for a municipality to put a curbside recycling program in place, Fullerton suggests some city recycling programs will be eliminated. Indeed he reports (161) that in 1997, eleven states reported "…a decrease in the number of curbside recycling programs."
But Fullerton doesn't throw cold water over all curbside programs; he references Ohio as an example where curbside recycling is booming. Eighty-six new curbside programs were launched in Ohio in 1997, and three other states (he doesn't name) have added programs. When an author sees that there are 9,000 curbside programs operating he can see they haven't all "miscalculated the market benefits and costs of recycling" (161). Of course municipal recycling programs are expected to "produce environmental benefits" beyond any bottom line dollars and cents issues, Fullerton argues.
Increases in recycling are fully expected to reduce costs associated with landfill disposals, with incineration, and there should be an accompanying reduction in air and water pollution. Specifically, Fullerton explains that the use of recycled "over virgin inputs in manufacturing is estimated to reduce 10 types of air emissions and 8 types of water effluents" (161). The most dramatic reductions that Fullerton envisions as a result of curbside programs occur for: "carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides" (161).
The author suggests that the best strategy he has seen in terms of encouraging cities and towns to develop programs is when the state passes legislation that requires those local municipalities...
recycling should be made mandatory. The first part of the paper presents a thesis statement after which three pieces of evidence have been provided to support my thesis statement. In conclusion, I have summarized my whole argument emphasizing on the thesis statement. Yes, recycling should be made an obligation. Recycling is an imperative necessity of the time. In the modern-day, it has turned out to be a valuable and suggestive
About.com. 2011. Some facts about the actual costs of recycling vs. traditional disposal expenses is presented by this article, and is certainly worthy of examination: a) a well-run curbside recycling program costs between $50 and $150 per ton; b) typically a trash collection and disposal program costs between $70 to $200 per ton. When New York City discovered that it was losing money on its recycling program in 2002, it eliminated
The first citywide curbside recycling starts in University City, Missouri (for newspapers). The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act is created, which focuses on recycling. The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund) was passed. Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments passed. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act passed. Rhode Island is the first state to pass mandatory recycling laws for cans, glass, newspapers and plastic. Ocean Dumping Ban passed. The Plastic Bottle Institute develops a material
Recycling Should Be Mandatory Every year, the United States generates an estimated 200 million tons of solid waste. Much of this waste falls under four main waste items -- yard trimmings, corrugated boxes, newspapers and glass containers. Most of the items in this group could be recycled. Instead, majority of them are simply disposed (Lober). Currently, the residents of the United States recycle only 20% of their generated solid waste. This translates
On December 14, 2004, Germany was told it must "introduce a system that allows drinks makers, including beer and soft drinks producers, to do business fairly across Europe. Germany must giver drinks makers a longer period to prepare their businesses for complying with the new system, and to make sure consumers can recover their deposits in a far wider variety of drop-off points (unknown)." Recycling Around the World The United States is
Essay Topic Examples 1. The Role of Recycling in Combating Climate Change: Explore how students and children can directly contribute to the fight against climate change through recycling efforts. Discuss the impact of recycling on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and preventing biodiversity loss. Evaluate the potential long-term benefits and challenges associated with incorporating recycling into students' daily routines. 2. Creative Recycling Projects for School:
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