Racism in Euro Soccer
According to numerous sources, including eyewitnesses, journalists and soccer fans, there is blatant racism, xenophobic behavior and anti-Semitism associated with Euro Soccer. This paper uses the available literature to point out instances of ugly behaviors, what people are saying about it and what perhaps can be done about it. The stories referenced in this paper were written prior to the 2012 Euro Soccer championships in Eastern Europe, but they accurately reflect the serious social problems based on bigotry and hatred shown by many fans.
Racism and Anti-Semitism in Euro Soccer
CBS in Chicago reports that "Monkey chants directed at a black player" while he was warming up would never be tolerated in the National Football League (Bernstein, 2012). It is "entirely unimaginable," Bernstein explains, to witness an African-American player being hounded by fans shouting racist slogans in the U.S., notwithstanding what a "shameful history of slavery" went on in America years ago.
But in Krakow in 2012 this kind of racism is apparently tolerated, given that a player from the Czech Republic, Theodor Gebre Selassie was harassed with a "monkey-chant" (Bernstein). The racist chants apparently come from the "far-right nationalism" movement; they don't wear Ku Klux Klan outfits but they carry and wave swastikas, and they do the hated Nazi salutes as well (Bernstein).
A quote from one of the persons (the coach of Ukraine, Oleg Blokhin) who "exemplifies" the attitudes of the racist crowds and players tells the bigoted side of the story quite...
" Quirk and Fort (1992) These definitions should be balanced by the popular notion that it is good for a league and all of its teams if the teams from the larger markets are relatively dominant, but not at the expenses of competitive balance: "The optimal level of balance in a sports league is a function of the distribution of fan preference, fan population base, and fan income across host cities. "The
Hooliganism, like other forms of violent and aggressive behavior, can be traced to frustrated male needs for assertion, and the staunch identification with a sports team gives at once a sense of belonging and a clearly demarcated territory to "protect" (Farrington 1994). In this way, hooliganism fulfills a need that males who feel culturally disenfranchised experience in a sharp way (Farrington 1994). Other scholars take a more historical view of
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