Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010 Program)
The health objectives for the United States for the 21st century have been described in The Federal Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities and Healthy People 2010. The national interest in the areas of racial and ethnic disparities has been renewed with the public health initiatives with the leadership for the discussion being taken by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The overall health of the nation has improved a lot, but the members of the minority groups in the ethnic and racial areas have not been benefited. This includes the African-Americans, Alaska Natives, American Indians, Asian-Americans, Hispanic-Americans and Pacific Islanders.
This segment of our population is more likely to have poor health and premature deaths than the white Americans. During 1992 to 1998, the deaths from breast cancer have come down noticeably, but there are more deaths among black women than whites. Even in the area of Pap tests, the white women have greater chances of receiving these tests. These tests detect precarious changes in the cervix, which help to prevent the invasive cervix cancer. Looking at figures for 1999, African-Americans had a 29% higher chance of death from diseases of the heart. This led to a 40% higher probability of death due to strokes. In the case of diabetes, and compared to whites, American Indians and Alaska Natives are 2.6 times more susceptible, African-Americans are 2.0 times susceptible, and Hispanics are 1.9 times more susceptible. (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010: Addressing Disparities in Health 2003)
Only 25% of the U.S. population is African-American or Hispanics, but they constitute 56% of the adult AIDS cases, 73% of the new HIV infections among adults, and 82% of the pediatric AIDS cases. The National Immunization Survey for 1998-2000 shows 11 major urban areas with racial or ethnic disproportionate populations, which is 10% when compared to the national level, and they show age-appropriate childhood immunization. The studies in 2001, for Hispanics and African-Americans more than 65 years, showed that they were less likely to be vaccinated for influenza or pneumonia. The infants from the African-American, American Indian and Puerto Rican infants had much higher infant mortality rates than whites, though the overall U.S. infant mortality in 2000 had come down to 6.9 infant deaths per 1000 live births. The ratio of deaths among blacks when compared to whites was 2.5. (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010: Addressing Disparities in Health 2003)
In the coming years, it is expected that the population in the racial and ethnic minority groups are going to be an even larger portion of the U.S. population. Without a concerted effort to eliminate the differences in the health situation of the minorities, the numbers affected among them will continue to increase. For eliminating the racial and ethnic disparities in health, community driven programs are critical, as they will be easily acceptable to the communities. These need the support from sound prevention research in order to be successful. The federal, state, local and tribal governments and communities must support this research with new and innovative partnerships. The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010) had been organized by CDC for eliminating disparities in health status that are seen among the ethnic minority population in important health areas. This was started in 1999 to concentrate on six very important health problems: cardiovascular disease, immunizations, breast and cervical cancer screening and management, diabetes, HIV / AIDS, and infant mortality. African-Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asian-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Pacific Islanders are the minorities being targeted by REACH.
Community coalitions in designing, implementing, and evaluating community-driven strategies to eliminate health disparities will be supported by REACH through a two-phase, 5-year demonstration project. The coalition organizations used by REACH 2010 will have the community organization and three others. One of these other three will be a local or state health department, or a university or a research organization. The planning will be done over 12 months and the receivers of the REACH grants will use local data to design a complete community action plan that will concentrate on one of the six areas already decided, and specifically concentrate on one or more of the ethnic minorities. This plan will then be executed over the next four...
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Community-Based Intervention Public Health Planning Community-Based Intervention Programs Improve Child Vaccination Rates Improvements in the rates of childhood vaccinations has, until recently, depended largely on remind/recall strategies employed by provider- and community-based programs (reviewed by Findley, Sanchez, Mejia, Ferreira, Pena, Matos, et al. 2009; Szilagyi, Schaffer, Shone, Barth, Huminston, Sandler et al. 2002). Unfortunately, such programs have failed to erase the racial and economic disparities that leave communities of color more vulnerable to
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