PROJECT: FINAL PROJECT: LITERATURE REVIEW, HYPOTHESIS, AND SIGNIFICANCE
RQ: Is there is a statistically significant association (e.g., unlikely to have occurred by chance alone) between race and coronary heart disease?
Dependent Variable: Coronary Heart Disease
Independent Variable: Race
Null Hypothesis: There is no statistically significant association between race and ethnicity and coronary heart disease.
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a statistically significant association between race and ethnicity and coronary heart disease.
Statistical Test: TBD based on population sample.
Summary of other studies that directly relate to identified disease
A study by Abu Bakar et al. (2022) found that individuals with dietary patterns that include high levels of sodium, high saturated fatty acid and processed foods experienced are at elevated risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). These findings underscore the racial disparities in consumption of diets high in sodium, saturated fat, and heavily processed foods, which exacerbates risks for CHD.
Consequently, minority groups such as African Americans and Hispanic/Latinx individuals are more likely than whites follow diets exceeding recommendations for sodium, saturated fats, and processed meats. Moreover, differences in eating pattern have been shown to persist even after accounting for socioeconomic status, suggesting cultural dietary customs and accessibility of quality nutrition in minority communities represent driving factors (Moise et al., 2016).
More to the point, an ambitious longitudinal study spanning the years from 1987 to 2017 by Islek et al. (2022) found that African-America patients suffer...
…the significance of why this issue is important for examinationDetermining whether race and coronary heart disease are statistically correlated enables targeted public health strategies, refined clinical risk assessments, and overall reductions in racial health disparities. Specifically, statistically quantifying the extent to which, if any, different racial groups suffer from disproportionate coronary disease rates allows researchers to investigate explanatory factors behind elevated risks and policymakers to allocate resources towards awareness, screening, preventive interventions, and treatment access within heavily impacted communities.
In addition, clinicians also benefit from adjusting predictive risk calculations based on documented racial variations that exacerbate the risk of CHF. In sum, identifying any significant association between race and the prevalence of heart conditions can facilitate equitable access…
References
Abu Bakar, N. A. F., Ahmad, A., Wan Musa, W. Z., Shahril, M. R., Wan-Arfah, N., Abdul Majid, H., Piernas, C., Ramli, A. W., & Naing, N. N. (2022). Association between a dietary pattern high in saturated fatty acids, dietary energy density, and sodium with coronary heart disease. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13049.
Gaglioti, A. H., Rivers, D., Ringel, J. B., Judd, S., & Safford, M. M. (2022). Individual and Neighborhood Influences on the Relationship Between Waist Circumference and Coronary Heart Disease in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. Preventing Chronic Disease, 19, E20.
Islek, D., Alonso, A., Rosamond, W., Guild, C. S., Butler, K. R., Ali, M. K., Manatunga, A., Naimi, A. I., & Vaccarino, V. (2023). Racial Differences in Fatal Out-of-Hospital Coronary Heart Disease and the Role of Income in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Cohort Study (1987 to 2017). The American Journal of Cardiology, 194, 102–110.
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