It would be thus that many of the inherently independent aspects of China's cultural makeup would find ways to retain and even advance autonomy under a central leadership. Indeed, the cause for China's long struggle against factionalism would be due to its geographical scale and the variations in its population. Under the long stretch of Qing rule, the conditions were diminished by a perceptive approach to delegation which did not seek to fully drive out local form of leadership. In fact, throughout the course of its rule, "the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) was forced to rely on chieftainship administrative space and its tribal inhabitants as unreliable bulwarks against incursions by 'wild' tribals and Myanmar primarily because Han Chinese vulnerability to malaria precluded a more stable and direct Qing official presence." (Bello, 283) And yet, all of the ingredients which maintained this unlikely balance would ultimately conspire to the end of the imperial rule. The collective advance of individual societies beneath the rule of the dynasty would be underscored by the ability of such societies to access technologies and opportunities independently of imperial distribution. This was a product of the resource realization inherent to global industrialization. When the fact of this new economic mobility would be merged with a cataclysm resulting in the decline in reliance upon central authority, the rulership of the Qing would inevitably come to be seen as little more than a vestigial...
Therefore, though the seeds for the downfall of the Qing Dynasty, and with it the whole dynastic system, would be sown through the opening of international trade waters and the intercession with a rapidly industrializing western culture, it would take a disastrous of terrible proportions to force the final change. To this extent, amongst historians, "the most widely accepted version begins with a malaria epidemic that struck Beijing in 1899. The city's residents, like many modern urbanites, showed great susceptibility to new medical fads." (Hansen, 20) In this context, with confidence in the Qing shaken, infrastructure and settlements devastated and individual opportunities becoming more apparent, the Qing had seen its own influence subside to the din of new voices. The intellectualist aristocracy had essentially spread its ideology and progressivism beyond its own control or usefulness. Still, more than anything else, China's interaction with the rest of the world would put it on pace with a world that was increasingly scaling down the relevancy of authoritarian imperialism, with industrial development and an enlightenment-based political progressivism bleeding into the long splintered nation.
She theorized that the growth of bandit revolutionary groups was a logical progression of ongoing modes of resource competition that were being shaped by the natural and social composition of the area. Although the redirection of violence into rebellion against the state necessitated the intervention of precipitating historical events, the preconditions of recurring rebellion can be sought in longer lasting adaptive processes. Naturally, she added, the style of adaptation
Modernization of the Chinese Government and Democracy In the past 35 years, China has experienced significant transformation and modernization of its democracy and governance. This modernization process was brought by the death of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People's Republic of China and the Chairman of the country's Communist Party since 1943. Prior to his death, Chairman Mao had started a Cultural Revolution in 1966 in attempts to revive
("Chinese History.") The Second Opium War would involve: the contention that the Chinese and the British would have for each other. As the British wanted greater controls of the ports and land routes. Yet, the Chinese felt that the treaty to end the First Opium War was excessive. This resulted, in open hostilities, as the British merchants were seeking exclusive rights to: Chinese markets, the free flow of merchants /
Tea was the third most important commercial product, and was also sold to the mainland. Research indicates that the Japanese, as well as other foreign powers, deeply coveted in Taiwan's wealth (Government Information Office in Taiwan, at (http://www.taiwan.com.au/polieco/history/report04.html). In 1886 Taiwan's defenses against foreign aggression were modernized, the government implemented tax reforms to make Taiwan financially independent, and educated its indigenous peoples. A general trade office was established to encourage
All year-round, the smells of a coffin and coffin nails hover over her. Great-Grandmother does not brush her teeth. Great-Grandmother does not believe in airplanes. Great-Grandmother does not watch television Great-Grandmother simply stands in front of the window of her Garret, or sits in the sun, a sun that does not penetrate her but simply casts a shadow behind her. She is very pale and does her hair in an
Chinese Architecture Ancient Chinese Architecture Modern Chinese Architecture Ancient Chinese architecture is considered to be an important part of the world architectural system along with architecture in Europe and Arabian architecture. Over centuries, the construction and architecture of China has developed in to a style of its own and is often characterized by the heavy timberwork that combines with stone carving and rammed earth construction and bucket arch buildings and other techniques that
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