Peter the Great and the Petrine Reforms The reforms of Peter the Great, or the Petrine Reforms, changed the character of Russia to a much more administrative and secular one from the religious character that it had assumed hithertofore. Anisimov notes that there was a "decisive triumph of secular principles over confessional and religious ones" as a result of the Reforms, which themselves were the result of an infusion of humanism and Enlightenment philosophy from Europe in the late 17th century (216). Peter's administrative reforms saw the breaking up of Russia into more manageable parts, rather than overburdened administrations overseeing densely populated cities; and his Table of Ranks was established so as to provide a standard list of rank in the government, court and military. The Table of Ranks was meant to serve as a system of title/honors according to numeral, which would indicate one's closeness to the Czar. It was Peter's way of destabilizing the Boyar power elite structure. Peter made it so that any common man in Russia could now socially climb his way to the top of the Table of Ranks if he had the will and ability to do so, whereas before this reform, ranks were simply handed down from one generation to another. Peter's reform of the ranking system essentially challenged the classist paradigm that had existed in Russia in prior times; in doing...

The purpose of this reform was to make it easier for the State to supervise the populace: essentially it was an administrative move built upon the Enlightenment ideology of liberty in vogue in Europe. There was a pattern to Peter's reforms in that they grew out of a desire to modernize Russia, to streamline it, and to make it more practical and efficient in terms of the demands for social change emanating from Europe. Peter wanted to show that Russia was neither backward nor out of control -- and to a large extent the Petrine Reforms were about amassing control for the State while offering a European sensibility. For example, the administrative reforms were modeled on Sweden and the religious reforms followed the examples set by European states in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. The religious reforms undertaken by Peter consisted of transforming the Orthodox church "into a government institution" (Anisimov…