Punishment in the U.S. Correctional System
IN ITS RIGHTFUL PLACE AND FORM
Punishment in the U.S. Corrections System
Objectives of Punishment
These are to punish the offender, to protect the population from him or her, and to rehabilitate him or her (eNotes, 2013; Law Link, 2003). The first goal of punishment is theoretically intended to discourage or deter a repeat of the offense and a demonstration of why it should be avoided. The most common example of punishment is incarceration. Others are the death penalty and lesser penalties, such as probation. The second goal of the correctional system next to punishing the offender is to insure the protection of society from criminals. This is carried out by policing the streets and separating criminals through imprisonment to prevent them from repeating or performing more crimes. And the third objective is the rehabilitation of the offender so that he or she can re-join society to be a functional member again. He or she focuses from being a social cost to a contributing member (Law Link, eNotes).
Sentencing Effects on State and Federal Correction Systems
At the start of the 19th century, State and federal lawmakers began enacting statutes, which placed sentencing of guilty defendants on the presiding judge (Law Link, 2003; eNotes, 2013; Sentencing Council, 2012). The judge could suit his sentence to the conditions of the defendant and the community by imposing imprisonment, a fine, community service or probation. But this kind of sentencing was replaced in the 70s when many States passed mandatory sentencing guidelines. These guidelines imposed more severe penalties whatever mitigating factors existed. The practice resulted in long prison sentence even for non-violent offenders. It produced disparity in sentencing of certain offenses as against violent...
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