Public Administration
Implementation
On the most basic level, implementation is the action of putting a theory or concept into motion. Implementation involves many elements, including decision-making, communications, politics, budgeting, intergovernmental relations, public administrator's professional expertise, ethics and the general environment. This essay will explore two of these elements, ethics and communications. After some brief comments on the precise definition of "implementation," we will look at the Challenger case in relation to ethics, and we will look at the Bakersfield case in relation to communications.
Defining Implementation
The term implementation is often used to describe activities involved in making theories and concepts into realities. Several steps must be taken before a concept becomes an actuality. First of all, the concept or theory must be approved at the governmental level. Once approval is complete, the concept moves into an authoritative public policy directive. These directives, or mandates, can include statutes, executive orders, and judicial orders. Many people are involved once the policy directive is in place, ranging from private sector and non-profit organizations to clientele and interested citizen groups. These people engage in a variety of activities to make the policy a reality. This stage of the process involves procuring resources, interpreting the policy directive or mandate, planning, communicating and negotiating among implementing organizations and clientele groups (Houston).
Issues
It would be impossible, in this short essay, to cover all of the issues involved in implementation. To demonstrate the complex nature of implementation, we will look at two important issues: ethics and communication. The discussion on ethics will relate to the concept known as the 'zone...
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