Biopsychosocial Case Formulation (BCF) Perspective
The BCF perspective considers the 4 Ps of biological, psychological, and social factors: predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and protective factors. Predisposing factors indicate vulnerabilities that could represent risk variables in the patients presenting issue, such as temperament, attachment style, family history of psychological disorder or prenatal exposure to substance abuse, immigration history, or access to health care. Precipitating factors are typically stressors that precipitate symptoms of the presenting issue, such as medical illness, family or social conflicts, identity crises, cognitive distortions or psychosocial development transitions. Perpetuating factors include conditions within the patients life systems that affect the patients issue, such as chronic illness, emotional dysregulation, unresolved conflicts, socioeconomic instability, work-related stress, or education hurdles. Protective factors can refer to an individuals good health, support systems, religious faith, skills, hobbies, likes, abilities, or other factors such as access to outpatient healthcare services that provide positive support and that serve as counteractive agents to the other three Ps (Barker, 1995).
Advantages of the BCF Perspective
The advantages of the BCF perspective are that it provides a holistic view of the patient that facilitates an accurate formulation of how the person came to be presenting with the symptoms he/she shows. It is not the same as a diagnosis, which tells what the patients illness is. Rather, the BCF perspective provides an explanation of how the patient may have acquired the illness. It is not a perspective that is narrow, rigid, or fixed in stone. Instead, it is a perspective that is constantly changing and evolving as more information and insight is gained (Krauss Whitbourne, 2019). Another advantage is that it by combining biological, social and psychological risk factors within its view, it enables the person to understand himself more completely and to see how elements from these three areas may be impacting his mental or behavioral health. Finally, a third advantage is that it provides support for complementary interventions that might otherwise go unused, such as animal-assisted therapy, music therapy, or dance therapy, all of which can be shown to help in the areas where the individual may be at risk (Muela et al., 2017).
Biological Risk Factors
Biological...
References
Barker, P. (1995). The child and adolescent psychiatry evaluation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific.
Felsman, P., Seifert, C. M., & Himle, J. A. (2019). The use of improvisational theater training to reduce social anxiety in adolescents. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 63, 111-117.
Jefferies, P., & Ungar, M. (2020). Social anxiety in young people: A prevalence study in seven countries. PLoS One, 15(9), e0239133.
Krauss Whitbourne, S. (2019). Abnormal Psychology, Clinical Perspectives
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