Psychopharmacology
It was only in the 1950s when psychiatric drugs to treat severe depression were first developed. Prior to that, most people had to suffer with their emotional pain and its attached sigma. Many individuals had to be admitted to mental hospitals. Now, psychiatrists can prescribe any of hundreds of medications for this illness and, in the majority of cases, have successful results.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors or MAOs were the first pharmaceuticals developed. Although they have more side effects than the tricyclic and latest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), they are found to be very helpful particularly in "atypical" and treatment-resistant situations. They can "produce dramatic improvements in some forms of depression" (Gorman, 1990, p. 83). The generic and brand names of the three marketed in the United States are bedisocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine sulfate (Nardil) and tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate).
The efficacy of MAO inhibitors is generally equivalent to the other classes of antidepressant drugs. Similarly, like other antidepressants, MAOIs may take anywhere from two to six weeks to produce therapeutic effects.
This class of drugs inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), the enzyme that destroys monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine or serotonin) in synapses in the brain. The inhibition of this enzyme allows these neurotransmitters to remain active in the brain for longer periods of time, thus correcting an expected deficit in monoamine function (Trujillo, 1996).
However, MAO inhibitors often cause the harmful "cheese effect." Certain foods, such as aged cheeses and red wines contain tyramines, substances similar to catecholamines. These amines can simulate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. In mild situations, the patient can have a bad headache, stiff neck or nausea. In severe cases, this reaction...
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