These memories have happened in the external world and they are remembered based on what has been experienced before (Explicit Memory Storage, 2004).
Semantic memory is memory that is based on a person's knowledge. This knowledge can be factual or theoretical (Semantic v Episodic Memory, 2004). Some examples of semantic memory might be that a person knows what kind of dog they are looking at or they know their friend's phone number.
This can sometimes be confused with the third type of memory, which is episodic memory. The difference in the two types of memories is that while you may remember the phone number of your best friend from when you were both 10 years old, you also can remember calling your friend and the kinds of things you did together as best friends and the kinds of things you talked about on the phone. If you remember the phone number without remembering the best friend and the phone calls, then the memory is semantic. If you remember the feelings and the friend along with the phone number, those are episodic memories. One source explains that accumulated episodic episodes may be semantic memory (Semantic v Episodic Memory, 2004).
The processes of memory are encoding, storage and retrieval. The brain processes information so that it can be stored. This process is called encoding. The information is stored in the brain for later use and this is called storage. The retrieval of the information is from long-term memory and it is sent to short-term memory for use (Huffman, 2000).
The three stages of memory are sensory, short-term and long-term. Memory is described as a flow of information. The first stage is the sensory, which is a very short-term flash of information that your mind flashes on. This memory does not last more than about a second and it's gone from your memory. The second type of memory is short-term memory, which a person can use to review information they have just received. For instance, if you have just heard an address, you can recall the street number a few seconds later. Long-term memory is the memory people use to recall events and information that have occurred in the past. This may be learned information or perhaps it is the address that you had as a child. This also can account for the memories you have of your childhood (Sensory Register, Short-term Memory and Long-term Memory, 2000).
The stage of memory called sensory register is the way we see the world. We see what is around us and the sensory register filters the information that we see. There is so much stimulation around us, that it would be impossible for our senses to process everything. Sensory register is the way that we send only the information to short-term memory that we see as interesting or pertinent.
Our short-term memory is how we remember the information that has just been passed to us from sensory register. The example of hearing the phone number and remembering the phone number later is an example of short-term memory. If the phone number is a new number to us and we need it for just the one phone call, we may remember the phone number for just a short time. If we are distracted from using that phone number immediately, we probably will forget the number.
Long-term memory is how we retain information for a long time. The two ways that memory can be accessed in recall and recognition. Recognition is when a person sees something and it looks familiar to them. An example of recognition in long-term memory is when you take multiple-choice tests and the answers look familiar. The fact that one of the answers is correct and you have seen it before is how you recognize the answer. It seems familiar to you and you verify in your mind that the information is correct. Recall is when you come up with information that you need. For example, a person taking a fill in the blank test must come up with the answers from their long-term memory or remembering where they were when a certain event happened. When a person recalls something, it is a process of searching through their memory and then comparing the information (Long-Term Memory, 2003).
Problem Solving, Creativity, Reasoning and Judgment
Cognition is the act or process of knowing (Encarta, 2004). The components of cognition are problem solving, creativity, reasoning and judgment. These components together make us have an understanding of the world around us.
Problem solving is the way in which we solve the puzzles that we are faced with every day. We see a goal that we need to reach and we decide what ways we can reach that goal. We may have some barriers along the way and we need to overcome in order to reach our goals....
Psychology of Adaptation Experimentation In order to understand the concept of adaptation in psychology, I conducted a number of experiments to demonstrate this theory in the "real" sensory world. First, I took a piece of very coarse sandpaper, the kind that is used to smooth down furniture before applying paint or varnish. The paper at first felt very uncomfortable as I rubbed it across my fingers. I rated this sensation of roughness initially
If we were to lose our perception of depth, we might indeed fall off of the cliff: even if we could sense the change of color we might mistakenly believe that the ground and the depths below were on the same plane. Auditory illusions have similar effects and can cause people to distort reality. One of the most notable examples of auditory illusions causing a distortion of reality is
We cannot process information in the same manner because we have no prior knowledge of the object. Perception organization refers to the way we process information or stimuli to make sense of what we are observing. We can thus give them meaning which we can understand easily. There are some important steps in perception organization or we can say types of steps we can take to reach a conclusion. These are:
I believe I have learned many things in class that will help make me more effective and successful in my personal life. Perhaps the most evident thing I have learned is how to determine my own conscious motivators and recognize how my unconscious beliefs and morals may impact my attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. This falls more into the realm of social psychology. I have learned exactly how critical environment can
Perceptions at a Party Different sensations from the environment are processed through sensory receptors, such as the eyes, ears, nose, skin and mouth, which are then perceived and processed in the brain to be organized and interpreted (Huffman, 2007). For the party example, several sensations are being processed through our sensory receptors. When we arrive to the party, it is already dark outside, so when we enter the hosts' house, the
Sensation and Perception What experiment was impressive in researching music & speech perception vis-a-vis the vestibular system? There are eye-movement tests that are proven to be able to detect signs of dysfunction within the vestibular system. When the head moves that stimulates the inner ear which then sends signals to the eyes through the nervous system; this is referred to as the "vestibule-ocular reflex" (VOR). When the head moves but the eye
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