How can Deci and Ryan's (2008) self-determination theory assist individuals in their personal or professional goals?Deci & Ryan’s (2008) self-determination theory is a theory of motivation that can help individuals set and achieve personal and professional goals. The theory can be applied to almost every area of life, including health choices or interpersonal relationships. One of the most unique features of self-determination theory is that it can be adapted to different applications. As Deci & Ryan (2008) show, self-determination theory distinguishes between different types of motivation including autonomous motivation and controlled motivation. Self-determination theory also takes into account the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The basic motivational goals people have include competency, relatedness, and autonomy (Deci & Ryan, 2008). Deci & Ryan (2008) also claim there are two main categories of individual difference regarding motivation: causality orientation and goals. By showing people what motivates them and why, therapists can help individuals create the cognitive and behavioral contingencies that lead to self-fulfillment. Self-determination theory is also solution-focused and positive, encouraging the person to remain mindful and to cultivate self-awareness.
One area that self-determination theory can be used is with regards to losing weight or exercising. The therapist can use self-determination theory to help the client discover which types of healthy foods make that person feel satisfied and happy. The goal is to make healthy eating or eating small portions inherently pleasurable. Similarly, the individual needs to find exercise that is inherently rewarding; otherwise the desired lifestyle changes will not stick for long. Career coaching is another area that self-determination theory can be used. The therapist can help the person learn about what motivates them in a workplace environment or specific set of tasks, based on the three main principles of competency, relatedness, and autonomy.
References
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 49(3), 182-185.
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