Psychology of Gender in Business
Traditional gender roles have defined the business lives as well as the home lives of families and breadwinners for numerous generations. Certain expectations were put in place at what seems to be the dawn of time. The evolution of these decided obligations went on to shape the traditional family and the roster of the traditional workplace. Expansions and millenniums of progression in this historical framework then gave way to what the modern world still often considers gender specific job roles. Though, without question, this segregative and selective approach to the business world is surely archaic. Nevertheless, over the last decade or so there has been a revolution that is gaining steam in the business community. The idea of equality is becoming more and more popular among businesses and government agencies. Such powerful and influential entities have finally realized that the furthering and promotion of gender specific job roles is discriminatory and wrong. Thus, with massive amounts of legislation like Affirmative Action being passed to help ensure gender equality in all firms, it certainly seems like the tides are shifting (Inglehart & Norris, Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World, 2003). However, being that some of these legislative equalizers were actually initiated in the 1960's, it does not seem like they provide an immediate solution. While these legal precedents have helped to begin reversing the historical trend, more needs to be done to bring genuine equality into the business world. For, even in the modern landscape of globalized business and commerce, there are still great discrepancies in gender equality. Without question, women have increased their participation in this arena by leaps and bounds, though it is still an unquestionably male-dominated environment. Even with the equality laws in action, labor statistics still indicate the prevalence of gender specific job roles in contemporary business (Croson & Gneezy, 2009). And while women seem to be suffering the most at the hands of this archaic business ideology, men have also had a difficult time transcending gender specific barriers in the workplace.
From a woman's perspective, there is certainly a wealth of age-old hurdles to success in the global business economy. As far back as the Roman Empire, women were tasked with childcare and other household duties and expected to be contented in these menial roles . Accordingly, they were forbidden to engage in any business or political matters. Or in other words, they had virtually no rights outside of the home. This direct exclusion occurred during the time that the foundations of business, politics and philosophy were being created. Thus, it could be argued that because of the gender configuration of the time, these fields were actually originated for men. In any event, the segregative and prejudicial attitudes of this highly influential civilization stood the test of time and continued to show themselves in numerous world cultures. Even some of the most highly developed and powerful nations in the world held very discriminatory positions towards women for centuries. Almost all of the same gender-based prohibitions that existed in Ancient Greece and Rome existed all the way into the 20th Century. In fact, the United States did not give women the right to vote until 1920 . Without question, this most basic right was one of the first steps in granting women the freedom to excel in endeavors outside of the home. Many believe that this revolutionary (yet far overdue) shift was spurred on by the rising feminist movement that gained power during the late 19th Century in America . This group of activist women (along with their several male supporters) organized several rallies and protests for the purpose of securing more rights for women . And once their influence was realized on a national scale with the passage of 19th Amendment (women's right to vote), this movement gained even more support and encouraged women to participate in society in various ways.
One such way in which women began to embrace the outside world was in the workplace. After the women's suffrage movement, the female population seemed to collectively gain an unprecedented sense of autonomy and independence . In fact, statistics show that after this gain in the arena of women's right, the average age of marriage for a woman increased by four years . This is indicative of the fact that women began to explore their career and educational options before immediately settling down and accepting the role of housewife. In fact, other studies have shown that beginning shortly after this feminist revolution and...
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