Self as a Mental Representation
Today, all directions of psychological study recognizes the importance of an individual's understanding of him- or herself in order to achieve and maintain mental health. Indeed, it is often when such a self-concept malfunctions that mental health begins to suffer. Feenstra's concept of self-schema is a good starting point for understanding the self. The concept of self-schema refers to an individual's conscious and unconscious beliefs and assumptions about him- or herself. This can be used not only by each individual to understand the self better and to promote mental health and functioning, but also by professional psychologists and researchers in their aim to understand and assist those whose self-schema have malfunctioned in some way.
Self-schema, by definition, refers to a set of memories about the self created over the long-term. Generally, these memories have achieved stability and refers to a person's beliefs, experiences, and generalizations about him- or herself and how he or she would behave in specific situations. These beliefs, generalizations and experiences can refer to any aspect of the individual's self, including physical appearance, personality traits, and interests. To function as a self-schema, the individual must consider these beliefs an important to their own self-definition.
It is a well-accepted paradigm that each individual experiences the self differently. This is because of the differences in self-schema that each person builds over a lifetime of experience (Horowitz, 2012). Since these are generally unconscious, the individual usually has little control over the generalizations that become dominant at different times. An individual with an introverted self-schema, for example, would experience some discomfort in social situations. This is an unconscious reaction based upon the individual's past experiences and cultivated beliefs about him- or herself.
According to Horowitz (2012), the self-schemas are unconscious, but can themselves...
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