¶ … Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) has become the treatment of choice for a wide range of psychological disorders and its efficacy has been demonstrated by numerous quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies (Spates & Pagoto, 2010). In order to develop a thorough understanding of CBT and its applications, this paper provides a review of a series of quantitative and qualitative research articles as well as a mixed methods study and a program evaluation. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning CBT and its implications for practitioners are presented in the paper's conclusion.
Quantitative research articles
A study by Shafiei and Hoseini (2016) evaluated the use of CBT-based treatment on the coping strategies used by young adults with substance abuse problems who subsequently relapsed. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study, the researchers developed a sample of 70 young adult addicts (aged 18-24 years) who were self-referred to substance abuse treatment centers in Iran (Shafiei & Hoseini, 2016). These researchers used the Adolescence Relapse Coping Questionnaire for their analysis of the respective efficacy of different relapse coping strategies and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data that resulted (Shafiei & Hoseini, 2016). Based on their analysis, Shafiei and Hoseni (2016) determined the nearly three-quarters (71.2%) of the respondents suffered a total relapse and began substance abusing behaviors.
The coping skills that were employed by the respondents were shown to be effective in helping them overcome this setback and regain some control over their circumstances (Shafiei & Hoseni, 2016). In this regard, Shafiei and Hoseni (2016) conclude that, "Coping cognitive behavioral therapy helps individuals to recognize the difficult situation, avoid them in the right time and apply effective coping mechanisms. Teaching coping skills, changing reinforcement contingencies, and fostering motivation are the some of the basic tasks in this approach" (p. 46). In sum, CBT-based interventions have widespread application notwithstanding cross-cultural differences (Shafiei & Hoseni, 2016).
The overarching objective of a recent study by Zainal and Renwick (2016) was to evaluate the quantitative treatment acceptability and credibility ratings of outpatients in an eating disorder treatment program in at 12 months. Almost all of the 142 adult participants were women (98%) who were recruited during the period June 2010 through November 2012 from four UK-based treatment centers (Zainal & Renwick, 2016). The inclusion criteria for participants were a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) or eating disorder not otherwise specified AN type (EDNOS-AN),. a body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 kg/m2 as well as having no major mental or physical co-morbidities that required separate treatment and no lower BMI limit provided the participants were otherwise healthy (Zainal & Renwick, 2016).
These researchers used the quantitative data generated by the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) which is a semi-structured diagnostic interview that produces four subscale scores and the mean of these four subscales provides an overall global score with higher scores reflecting more severe eating disordered psychopathology (Zainal & Renwock, 2016). The EDE has demonstrated reliability and validity and the instruments were completed by trained clinicians and inter-rater reliability was established throughout the data analysis (Zainal & Renwock, 2016).
The credibility and acceptability of two CBT-based treatment programs were evaluated by participants using a visual analog scale based on the following questions: (a) how acceptable did you find the type of treatment you received from your therapist during this study? and 2) to what extent do you feel that the treatment you received has helped you to reduce your eating disorder behaviors?, with responses ranging from "not at all" and "completely unacceptable" to "very much so" and "completely acceptable" for their perception of the treatment program's credibility and acceptability, respectively (Zainal & Renwick, 2016). To help improve the consistent interpretation of these questions, the researcher provided participants with the definition of credibility as being "the reduction of eating disorder behaviors to assess how the treatment has been effective" (Zainal & Renwick, 2016, p. 37).
The results of this study showed that at 12 months post-randomization (i.e., following the completion of both weekly and follow-up treatment sessions), participants who received the Maudsley Anorexia Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) evaluated their treatment significantly higher in both credibility and acceptability compared to participants who received Specialist Supportive...
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