Bannister readily acknowledges that the creative group noticed that some children did not respond to the therapy in a way that showed it was a productive approach for those particular kids. The team's initial response was to reassess how they were interacting with those particular children. The final assessment the team made was that they, as an outside source, could not provide the complete or total stimuli for the children to react in the way that would help the team to identity the therapeutic direction for those particular kids, and that it required the participation of family members to do that.
It is interesting to note, too, that even with psychodrama, the therapists recognized it as a tool, one of many in the repertoire of psychoanalysis and psychotherapies. Their work with children was challenging, and there was really no quick fix to the problems the children they were working with faced. Psychodrama did, however, prove useful in bringing those problems to the surface so that, together, the patient and therapist could work through them. Assessing and reassessing the progress of psychodrama is tangential to its success. Recognizing the need for a different approach, or bringing into the interactive process other participants is essential. It is important to always keep sight of the child's life, the participants and supporting players in the child's life.
Psychodrama has proven useful in therapeutic work with people who suffer from post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). M. Katherine Hudgins (2002) looks at how psychodrama helps victims of PTSD move towards successful therapeutic recovery of their traumatic war experiences. Hudgins says that after the terrorist attacks against the World Trade Center in 2001, members of their therapeutic team that she worked with that was responsible for developing the Therapeutic Spiral Model (TSM) responded to the needs of the public and rescue people and police officers following the events. The model is the product of twenty years of research, and Hudgins reports that it has been used to success in cases of PTSD stemming from imprisonment, torture, and grief stemming from the events surrounding September 11, 2001.
For those whom might be surprised by the use of TSM in treating PTSD, Hudgins points out that the patient/client has a choice, and, like Farmer and Beaulieu, Hudgins looks at TSM as a tool, psychodrama as a choice to be presented to the patient, or to be decided upon therapeutically in order that the patient/client is able to benefit from everything that psychotherapy has to offer the patient in managing their condition. Hudgins says that it is useful in managing the PTSD, but that it does not "treat" the core trauma that causes these very symptoms.
Flashbacks from the past interrupt the present moment. Body memories crash through during moments of intimacy. Feelings of being a little child in an adult's body are frequent. People with PTSD often have a sense of simultaneously inhabiting two worlds - the "real," outside world and what occurring in it, and a world comprised of the happenings inside them: their thoughts, feelings, and reactions."
Hudgins' says that psychodrama provides the way to communicate the chaos that the PTSD client is experiencing with others. This is consistent with what Beaulieu and Farmer said, and when considered in terms of the patient to precipitating factor relationship, it just makes sense. It is the inability to communicate to others the chaos that exacerbates the patient's condition to a level that exceeds the patient's ability to manage. In addition to being stressful and frustrating for the patient, it can be equally as frustrating and stressful to the people in the patient's life. In the case of PTSD, there is always the concern that it can manifest itself in ways that are harmful to the patient or to others.
The TSM intends to help the patient by:
Client friendly constructs that internal, self-organization for trauma survivors.
Clear clinical action structures for safe experiential practice with trauma survivors.
Advanced action intervention modules for containment, expression, repair, and integration of unprocessed trauma material.
Traumatic experiences bring on changes in individual cognition and emotion, which in turn manifest in developmental delays, a disconnect between the reality of time as to when the traumatizing event(s) occurred, and the present; a depleted sense of hope, lack of spirit, and a resulting human dysfunction....
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