Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
The three major psychoanalytic theories and approaches to personality could not be more different. Freud, who focuses on early childhood and sexual urges, differs from Jung who focuses on the unconscious, who differs from Adler who focuses on human motivation and superiority (Weiten, 2005). Of course, what they all have in common is trying to tease out an understanding of human personality. This paper will compare and contrast each of Freud's, Jung's, and Adler's psychoanalytic approaches, as well as two characteristics in which this author agrees or disagrees with the theories presented. Then the focus will mainly be on Freud and his structure to personality, and finally using real world examples for his defense mechanisms. Overall, this paper strives to present a well-rounded view of Freud's theory, and the theories of his time.
The structural model for Freud's psychoanalytic theory is based on three different levels of personality; the id (immediate personal gratification), the ego (takes into account the reality of the situation, tries to please but also get things done), and the superego (society's values and standards, very strict) (Burger, 2008). Freud also divided personality into three separate conscious, known as the topographic model; it includes the conscious (thoughts one is aware of), the preconscious (readily available information), and the unconscious (no access, thoughts one is not aware of) (Burger, 2008). Freud was known for the structural model, but perhaps he was better known by the controversy surrounding his theories on how personality develops within a person, each stage is marked by an erogenous zone and a fixation (the...
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