Conveying information is a simple sharing with the patient of information relevant to his or her health status. Providing feedback is the provision of information that is constructive to the patient in relation to how the nurse has perceived what the patient has stated. Stating observations may be used in communication with patients in a manner that defuses anger while at the same time acknowledging their stress or anger. Confrontation is a method of calling attention to the discrepancies stated by the patient and specifically the discrepancy between what the patient has to say and their actions. Summarizing is the provision of feedback to the patient concerning generalities from the nurses' point-of-view. Silence can be used to convey concern or support and enables the patient in thought-organization and self-reflection. (Zychowicz, nd; paraphrased) Humor can be used as a communication tool in defusing a charged situation however, one must be careful how and with whom humor is used.
II. BARRIERS to THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Barriers identified by Zychowicz to therapeutic communication include:
1) giving advice;
2) giving false reassurance;
3) changing the subject;
4) being judgmental;
5) giving directions;
6) excessive questioning;
7) using emotionally charged words;
8) challenging;
9)...
psychiatric nursing practice in Australian prisons," Doyle (1999) attempts to discern what factors influence psychiatric nursing care. In particular, the researcher attempted to decide what factors may influence a nurse's ability to work effectively under straining circumstances, in this case working with challenging patients in a prison. The problem as the researcher states it is that more than 100,000 patients require treatment while living in prison and correctional institutions. The
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