Psuedomonas aeruginosa: A nosocomial bacteria
Challenges to healthcare
Annotated Bibliography
(1) Melaku, S., Gebre-Selassie, S., Damtie, M., and Alamrew, K. (2012) Hospital acquired infections among surgical, gynecology and obstetrics patients in Felege-Hiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop Med 2012 -- Apr; 50(2): 135-44. Retrieved from PubMed.
Melaku, Gebre-Selassie, Damtie, and Alamrew (2012) report a study with the objective of assessing the prevalence and risk factors of hospital-acquired infections and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in Feleg-Hiwot referral hospital. The study is reported to have been conducted among 1383 patients admitted to Surgical and Gynecology-Obstetrics wards during their stay in the hospital for development of infections. Data collected included sociodemographic, underlying disease, and risk factors. These were investigated using culture, biochemical testing, and gram staining as well as antibacterial sensitivity tests using disc diffusion methods. Results reported state that of the 1383 patients assessed including 333 obstetrics, and 89 gynecology patients, that "17.1% 21.0% and 13.5% developed infections, respectively. The overall incidence of hospital acquired infections was 246 (17.8%) with 251 (18.1%) episodes of bacterial infections. Urinary tract and surgical site infections were detected in 118 (48%) and 112 (45.6%) of the cases, respectively. Of the bacterial isolates, 132 (52.6%) were gram negative and 119 (47.4%) gram positive. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, were the dominant gram negative isolates accounting for 49 (19.5%), 36 (14.3%) and 26 (10.4%), respectively. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, and Enteroccocus species were isolated in 91 (36.3%), 18 (7.2%) and 10 (4.0%), respectively. Surgery, catheterization, underlying diseases, antibiotics prophylaxis and length of hospital stay were risk factors for infection (P80% of isolates showed high rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and amoxacillin-clavulanic acid." (p.1)
(2) Sebastian S., et al. (2012) Molecular Structure, Normal Coordinate Analysis, harmonic vibrational frequencies, Natural Bond Orbital, TD-DFT calculations, and biological activity analysis of antioxidant drug 7-hydroxycoumarin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol-Biompl Spectrosc (2013) Jan 15:101: 370-81. Retrieved from: PubMed.
Sebastain, et al. (2013) reports "harmonic vibrational frequencies, molecular structure, NBO and HOMO, LUMO analysis of Umbelliferone also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin (7HC). The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by computation (monomer and dimmer) shows good agreement with experimental XRD data. Harmonic frequencies of 7HC were determined and analyzed by DFT utilizing 6-311+G (d, p) as basis set. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of Normal Coordinate Analysis (NCA) following the Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Field Methodology (SQMFF). The change in electron density (ED) in the ?(*) and ?(*) antibonding orbitals and stabilization energies E (2) have been calculated by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis to give clear evidence of stabilization originating in the hyperconjugation of hydrogen-bonded interaction. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) complements with the experimental findings. The simulated spectra satisfactorily coincides with the experimental spectra. Microbial activity of studied compounds was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Psuedomonasaeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi and Enterococcus faecalis." (p.1)
(3) Konj, SS, Sexton, MD (2012) Treatment of Psuedomonas aeruginosa Infections. Wolters Kluwer Health UpToDate. Retrieved from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-infections?source=search_result&search=Pseudomonas+Aeruginosa&selectedTitle=1~150
Kanj and Sexton (2012) report the principles of treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infections and state: (1) delayed therapy results in increased mortality; (2) when possible all infected catheters should be removed and abscesses or obstructions drained or removed; and (3) combination therapy is indicated in certain patients who are high risk and in severe infections. The use of combination of monotherapy for serious infections due to P. aeruginosa is one of the most controversial questions of management.
(4) Bomberger, JM, et al. (2011) A Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Toxin That Hijacks the Host Ubiquitin Proteolytic System." Ed. John Rohde. PLoS Pathogens 7.3 (2011): e1001325. Public Library of Science. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=19&cad=rja&ved=0CHsQFjAIOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.mit.edu%2Fopenaccess-disseminate%2F1721.1%2F65611&ei=Ye3VUKapMOWriAKUgYHYBg&usg=AFQjCNH6mMVrd7-MJHo8GYqb8fHGdNi3eA&bvm=bv.1355534169,d.cGE
The work of Bomberger, et al. (2011) reports that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an "opportunistic pathogen chronically infecting the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cycstic fibrosis (CF) and bronchietasis Cif (PA2934) a bacterial toxin secrete in outer membrane vesicles (OMV) by P. aeruginosa reduces CFTR-mediated chloride secretion by human airway epithelial cells, a key driving force for mucociliary clearance." (p.1) Bomberger reports a study to investigate the mechanism whereby Cif reduced the CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.
(5) Lupo, A., Coyne, S., and Berendonk, TU (2012) Origin and...
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