One might sell their property or hire others to work it, but this can only occur after initial ownership has been made through use. This theory finds no small amount of agreement in the twentieth century Robert Nozick's assertion that any properly justly obtained can be justly redistributed along whatever lines the owner sees fit. Nozick also maintains that people are ends in and of themselves, and must be treated as such by a just system. This also gives individuals full ownership of themselves and their labor (as in Locke's theory), meaning that a system of forced redistribution that allows someone to own another's talents and abilities is unjust. At the same time, resources are not the same as talent and ability; there is not a sense of innate ownership of anything external to the body. In order for resources to be fairly appropriated, then, they must have been fairly obtained initially. If such was the case, then absolute ownership...
Essentially, "Nozick argues for absolute property rights on the basis of the fact that people are ends in themselves" (Johnson, II. par. 5). As long as they are treated as such, a system is just even when it allows for the unfair distribution of property, provided that initial ownership was fairly obtained.
At a minimum, a sovereign person owns themselves, pointing to the idea of individual civil rights that also arise from the state of nature and are independent of the state. Such a philosophy does not automatically translate into democracy. Indeed, Locke felt that legitimate contracts could exist between citizens, oligarchies, monarchies or tyrannies. However, Locke's idea of civil virtue had deep effects upon the American and French Revolutions. Locke's
Marxist Critique of Property Rights The Marxist Critique: Property Rights as Barriers to Freedom and the Case for Abolishing Private Property The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx in six weeks in 1848, and was first published as the platform of a workingmen's association that same year. This document, at first an integral part of a secret society, spread throughout Europe, beginning with Germany, France and England, but reaching as far as
Intellectual property can be a difficult concept to define because, at its heart, it describes property rights to intangible things, such as creations of the mind. Because this involves concepts rather than physical property, for years the courts and legal system did not extend property protection to these types of creations. This can be further complicated by the fact that some intellectual property has a physical, or tangible, component. For
A number of people also incorporate religious ideas into natural law theory, even as others submit more commonly to essential moral laws which may or may not be directed by religious reliance (What is Natural Law Theory, 2010). Laws are derived from a person's right to protect themselves and their property, not from the authority of the state. If law was simply anything the state said, then the notion of
The delivery of the deed and the warranties of title are all notions being presented in this chapter. Chapter 11 discusses notions related to the title assurance, starting with the basic information pertaining to the recording system. The chapters introduces the basic, common law rule, which is that a grantee who was prior in time prevailed over one subsequent in time. The chapter continues by defining the several types of
Individuals and Their Rights - a book by Tibor R. Machan Machan's view is that libertarianism has a "moral superiority" over other political theories and practices - and hence, that reflects one of the pressing needs for this book to be written. The essence of the author's arguments in this book is that a comprehensive "moral defense" of the sometimes controversial tenets of libertarianism had not yet been presented - albeit this
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