Projective Testing on Children - Advantages of Different Techniques
So many different factors are involved in prediction of how a child might grow up, what his or her proclivities will be, and whether that child will be predisposed to violence. Often, cultural and socio-economic conditions will play a huge role. For instance, a child who has been beaten by a father is more likely to beat his own children or his spouse. Or, a child growing up in a dangerous, crime-infested inner-city neighborhood is likely to follow in the footsteps of the wrong role models.
But over the years, several tests grounded in various hard and social sciences like psychology, psychiatry, biology, economics, sociology and political economy have emerged to offer credible projective testing for children.
Lawrence Frank set the stage for projective testing in 1939: "When people try to understand vague or ambiguous unstructured stimuli, the interpretation they produce reflects their needs, feelings, experience, prior conditioning, thought processes." (Frank, 1939). The main challenge is, which particular needs, feelings, prior conditioning and thought processes are and should be relevant in projective testing? Experts from various disciplines tried to answer that very question mainly during the 1940s through 1960s, the psychoanalytical era.
This paper will explore several of those methods, distinguishing between them and discussing relative strengths and weaknesses.
The most famous of these tests is the Rorschach test. By far, the Rorschach test is the most widely used of the projective tests. In a 1971 survey of test usage, it was used in 91% of clinical trials. (U. Alberta) The Rorschach tests uses inkblots to measure several indicators of a child's proclivities.
In 1857, Kerner revealed that people can make idiosyncratic or revealing interpretations and these interpretations may be used to judge and measure personality. But it was not until 1911 that Herman Rorschach suggested that inkblots can be used to reveal these interpretations. At first the test was ill-received, but as we all know, its legacy lives on today.
Essentially, the stimuli were generated by dropping ink onto a card and folding it. The cards selected are not random: Originally, 10 were hand-selected by Rorschach from the thousands he had created.
The test itself is administered with as little information and instruction as possible. Usually, the tester will...
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