Project Management Project Information, History, Intent, and Life Cycle Gray and Larson, (2008) define project as "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result." (p 5). Essential feature of a project is that it has a defined beginning and end often subject to time or fund constraint to achieve stakeholder's goals and objectives. Gray and Larson (2008) differentiate between project and program. "A program is a group of

The 1960's were also characterized by project management development. The discipline and practice of project management were influenced by a series of new techniques and tools like earned value, or work breakdown structures. Project management's importance became even more obvious in the 1970s when it became a permanent function for companies working with projects. This is the time when a series of institutes and organizations designed for project management started to

To date, little research exists on the actual costs and benefits of project management. Much of the information that exists is a product of advertising materials distributed through the project management firms. Little unbiased information regarding the value of project management exists. This research will provide an unbiased view of the benefits and costs of the project manager. Aviation managers will be able to use this information to make decisions

In the book, Project management: strategic design and implementation, David I. Cleland and Lewis R. Ireland report "a review of the results of projects in antiquity reveals evidence about how several historical projects originated and developed" (p. 4). 1. The first of this type of evidence, known as artifacts, typically came from human workmanship. These could have been structures, tools, weapons, or items of substance of archeological or historical interest.

CPM The critical path method (CPM): As applied to construction projects The critical path method (CPM) was originally developed by the DuPont Company in the 1950s as a method of project management when DuPont shutting down its chemical plants for maintenance work. The shutdown process was complex and detailed, and had to be deployed in a highly regimented fashion in terms of the completion of steps and coordination of the workforce (CPM,

76). As automation increasingly assumes the more mundane and routine aspects of work of all types, Drucker was visionary in his assessment of how decisions would be made in the years to come. "In the future," said Drucker, "it was possible that all employment would be managerial in nature, and we would then have progressed from a society of labor to a society of management" (Witzel, p. 76). The