Prisoners Dilemma
Prisoner's Dilemma and Teamwork
Prisoner's Dilemma and Teamwork
Since its initiation in the 1950s by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher who presented the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) (Flood, 1958), this game theory has been researched by a number of scholars, in particular after Robert Axelrod pioneered the idea of the iterated PD in his book 'The Evolution of Cooperation'. The PD is a distinctive non-zero-sum game discovered in game theory. The foundation of the game is on the renowned expression of PD, the Canonical PD payoff matrix (Robert Axelrod, 1984), in which the results are shown non-zero for the players in its traditional outline. Below is a graphical presentation of the prisoner's dilemma ("PD"):
Figure 1-Definition of Prisoner's Dilemma Problem
In this game, players are required to either decide to cooperate or defect unconnectedly. If both the players decide to cooperate, 3 points are given to each of them. On the other side, if both of them decide to defect, each of them gets only 1 point. If both the players do not decide same thing than the player who chooses defect gains 5 points whilst the other who chooses to cooperate gets no point. The game is played to obtain as many points as possible. The players are free to choose cooperate or defect even choosing cooperate is in both their best interests they can yet decide to defect.
Strategies for Prisoner's Dilemma
There are many strategies that are used in the Prisoner's Dilemma. Some renowned strategies to solve this game are listed below (Robert Axelrod, 1984):
Tit-For-Tat -- in this strategy player repeats the last choice made by their opponents;
Tit-For-Two-Tats -- this strategy is same to the Tit-For-Tat, the difference is that the player has to make the identical choice two times in a row previous to its reciprocal;
Grudger -- in this strategy the player continue choosing cooperate unless the opponents player choose defect and after that he always chooses defect (unforgiving)
Pavlov -- in this strategy the player chooses to repeat the last choice provided the last choice resulted in a making points;
Adaptive -- in this strategy players select their strategy before playing and start playing using pre-selected options; after that, following the early 11 moves, the player chooses the actions that result in best average score. Here players re evaluate and calculates the points and then continues the game
The ultimate issue in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game is to decide a best strategy to get the uppermost number of points. IPD tournament is held on yearly basis for the evaluation of strategies adopted by different competitors. To explore the best strategy there has been wide use of genetic algorithms (Jennifer Golbeck, 2002). At present, strategies based on memory and outcome for instance, Tit-For-Tat and Pavlov are considered best strategies to win this game (Fogel D., 1993).
I played prisoners' dilemma with my class fellows and current essay is a description of my experience of this game. I explored the features of group work and teamwork how individuals contribute to teamwork. I also was able to comprehend how leaders of an organization alter a group of people into a team and lastly the concrete advantages of teams with high performance. In this essay I have also focused on the personality assessments and how different types of personality traits influence the team members.
A team is a group of individuals who are working for a shared goal. Forsyth (1999, p.116) describes, "Teams are, at core, goal-seeking groups, and they will function more effectively if their goals are clear to members. It is important for the effectiveness of the team that its goals are clear to each member.
Managers use many methods to motivate employees to work into teams in many ways. They influence by showing leadership traits such as motivation, giving rewards for good works, praising and punishing them for their work. The leader transforms and motivates followers by: (1) making them more aware of the importance of task outcomes, (2) inducing them to transcend their own self-interest for the sake of the organization or team, and (3) activating their higher-order needs" (Yukl,1994, p. 351). For example, in the corporate or business environment, leaders replace disbursement and status for efforts of their workers. In the political context, leaders offer employments, grants, and government contracts to their voters as an appreciation of their efforts and campaign donations (Yukl, 1994).In a group setting and team work individuals learn to think collectively not fore themselves and their interests but interests of the team as a whole.
An...
Ethical Analysis: John QThe film John Q (2002) depicts the struggle of a father whose 9-year-old child needs a heart transplant the family cannot afford, and who lacks the insurance coverage to ensure his child can have this lifesaving surgery. John Q. Archibald holds an entire hospital staff hostage (including its administrator, physicians, patients, as well as the ER staff) to demand Michael is put back on the transplant list
Their anticipated and desired results for their education, personal or practical, may vary widely in unpredictable ways. The attitudes towards educational processes may differ due to the greater and more diverse social and life experiences that color perceptions of classroom life, even more so than the raw educational materials used in the classroom. The teacher must balance addressing individual needs through conferences, personal contacts, and allowing for more independent
Integration in the CI/HUMINT Community An Analysis of the Benefits of Integration in the CI/HUMINT Community and Strategies for Effective Implementation Shea Larson The success of any counterinsurgency operation depends largely on the effectiveness and appropriateness of intelligence gathered. Human subjects are a crucial source of intelligence for counterinsurgency operations. Several years back, the U.S. Armed Forces opened up opportunities for women to occupy specific positions in counterintelligence/human intelligence (CI/HUMINT) discipline. However,
Women in Combat: The Effect of Integration on CI/HUMINT Collection The Effect of Integration on CI/HUMINT Collection: Women in Combat Key Words: #Combat # Integration # CI/HUMINT The success of any counterinsurgency operation depends largely on the effectiveness and appropriateness of intelligence gathered. Human subjects are a crucial source of intelligence for counterinsurgency operations. Recently, the Pentagon announced its plan to open up all ground combat roles that had previously been closed to
Women in Combat: The Effect of Integration on CI/HUMINT Collection The Effect of Integration on CI/HUMINT Collection: Women in Combat Key Words: #Combat # Integration # CI/HUMINT The success of any counterinsurgency operation depends largely on the effectiveness and appropriateness of intelligence gathered. Human subjects are a crucial source of intelligence for counterinsurgency operations. Recently, the Pentagon announced its plan to open up all ground combat roles that had previously been closed to
Dissertation ManuscriptBySedric K. MorganGeopolitical Awareness and Understanding of the Current Monetary Policies: A Quantitative Study� Northcentral University, 2019 Comment by Author: Sedric � NOTE: take a look at the Turnitin Analysis report. Consider the areas that are closely related to student paper(s) from University of Maryland. I highly suspect this is a matter of improper paraphrasing (by you as well as these other student(s)). The areas are sourced and the
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now