This points us toward the concept of distributed leadership, which is increasingly cited as a mode to effective principalship. In many ways, the emergence of distributed leadership represents a paradigm shift in the way that school improvements are sought. To this extent, Gronn (2002) sites as crucial to the process "concertive action in which a key defining criterion is conjoint agency." (Gronn, 2002; p. 423) the author cites a support for leadership which is highly dependent upon the interactive compatibility of such participants as teacher groups, principals and administrative personnel. This is a system of leadership distribution that bypasses hierarchy in favor of delegation of responsibilities.
Support for meaningful principal leadership is frequently understood in this way, with the willing participation and enthusiasm of members of the educational community underscoring the principal's relative authority. Still, the fact that so many of the studies which endorse and praise the impact of more flexible leadership models are often unempirical in nature is problematic. It allows a pathway for support of the conditions of No Child Left Behind. The overlapping authorities of federal, state and local governments are directly implicated by the legislation, which requires that the latter two dedicate their resources to meeting the demands of the former. This is an approach to education which tends to undermine the ability of the principle to truly dictate a school's educational climate. No Child Left Behind is a federal program which gives the national government a broad and sweeping degree of mandatory oversight over performance metrics and content approach in education. For principals, who must contend with their own unique sets of challenges pertaining to learning capabilities, cultural variances and economic restraints (to name just a few), the diminished...
There were none with limited English proficiency; those with Non-Limited English Proficiency ranked 50, there were no free or reduced lunch scores, those at non-poverty scored 57-64, while those at Poverty scored 42-46. In a graph showing the Stanford Achievement Test 10th Edition results in Reading for the entire system in Russellville City, Alabama, the males rank 48-60 and females rank49-52, the blacks rank at 29-40, the Hispanic at 16-40,
Standardized Testing Investigation Academic success has been measured for decades by scores on Standardized tests including the HSPA, CAT, MAT, and SATs. Recent studies have held that too much weight is assigned to these tests and that certain higher education institutions have gone so far as to stop considering standardized test scores. The question addressed in this study is if standardized testing should be stopped. Standardized Testing: The View of a Veteran
Standardized testing vs. authentic assessment in the elementary and junior high school The role of evaluation is one of the basic issues discussed in education today, which is of main concern. Assessment may be described as a method used to better know the present knowledge that a student has. This means that assessment can be as easy as a teacher's subjective judgment based on a single scrutiny of student performance, or
Thus, the best way to achieve educational improvement and student success is to pair the issue of standardized testing together with other teacher-based assessments. Standardized testing should remain a focus of the educational realm for administrative purposes, such as planning standards and curriculum. In order to determine whether a student is ready to advance, however, teachers should make recommendations to their administrations, citing evidence. By opening this recommendation process
Standardized Testing Anxiety Despite my less-than-perfect score on my GRE, I still believe I am an appropriate and worthwhile candidate for the MS/MPH program at University of Massachusetts Amherst. I am among that small but realistic percentage of individuals that often score poorly on standardized tests, and the GRE was no exception to that. However, instead of discussing what I did not do well on, allow me to tell you what
Standardized Testing -- Students with ADHD The first study in an article in the Journal of Learning Disabilities by Frazier, et al. (2007) looks at the published literature (studies) since 1990 in order to produce a meta-analysis that will show the "…magnitude of achievement problems" that confront individuals with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). In other words, the purpose was to find out exactly what problems ADHD sufferers encounter when trying
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