Laverghetta, A., Stewart, J. & Weinstein, L. (2007). Anti-intellectualism and political ideology in a sample of undergraduate and graduate students. Psychological Reports 2007(101): 1050-1056.
Primary sources include original research like a study by Laverghetta, Stewart & Weinstein (2007). Starting with the hypothesis that anti-intellectualism will have correlates in political conservatism, economic conservatism, and religiosity, the authors used a survey methodology and all hypothesized correlations were confirmed. That is, anti-intellectualism is correlated with political conservatism, economic conservatism, and religiosity. The reason I chose this primary source is that I believe that these three variables (political conservatism, economic conservatism, and religiosity) are stereotyped as being linked with anti-intellectualism. Rather than rely on stereotypes or assumptions, I believe it is important to check the empirical studies that actually measure whether there is a correlation; not to do so would actually be anti-intellectual.
The study has some weaknesses, mainly in that the sample size was limited to 235 American college students. Therefore, the results are not totally valid or reliable, but they do offer researchers and sociologists data that substantiates the commonly-held belief that people who are anti-intellectual tend to be conservative rather than liberal....
primary sources are documents that were written during the time under study, those that present facts or opinions from the primary source (e.g. author). They present an inside view of a particular event, but they may not always be 100% accurate since there is room for error or interpretation. Examples of primary sources are: diaries, speeches, interviews, official records, relics of art, creative works, etc. A secondary source, however,
The most superficial is the use of numbers, or lack thereof. Whereas quantitative research emphasizes the study of factors that can be explicitly measured, qualitative data is more descriptive. This has a couple of key implications. The first is that qualitative data is inherently more subjective. It is directly subject to interpretation from the researcher. Quantitative data can be interpreted by the researcher, but ultimately the data is presented
Primary sources are original research, not commentary on that research. In the social sciences, primary sources can also refer to seminal documents or treatises like the original writings of Freud or Adler. Thus, a primary source does not necessarily need to be an experimental research. Qualitative studies and any other original publication can be considered a primary source. The value of citing primary sources is that I can interact with
Quantitative research uses survey, and questionnaires to collect data. Through quantitative analysis, a researcher is able to correlate mass data to the research findings. Despite the benefits identified in both quantitative and qualitative research, the paper identifies some shortcomings in both research methods. To address these shortcomings, the paper proposes mixed methods that involve combining both quantitative and qualitative research. References Bryman, A. (1984). The Debate about Quantitative and Qualitative Research:
E-Groceries Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Collection Performance evaluation of the optimized supply chains McLane e-grocery Carrefour Ooshop e-grocery Logistics Optimization Structural decisions items of operations strategy in logistics Hardware of the firm Operational Facilities Operational Capacity Process technology Supply Network Infrastructure decision areas Software of the organization Planning and control Quality Organizational Structure Comparison of structural and infrastructural logistical operations management decisions Horizons Capital Investment Globalization and Logistics Optimization Logistical optimization models Challenges in e-grocery Logistics E-grocery logistical solution Store-based order picking model Figure: Store-based order picking model Store-based order picking for attended goods reception Store-based
328). Smith boils it down to two main concerns (pitfalls) and objections to the use of secondary data in social research: a) "It is full of errors"; and b) "…because of the socially constructed nature of social data, the act of reducing it to a simple numeric form cannot fully encapsulate its complexity" (p. 328). The author offers the national Census as a perfect example of the limitations of using
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