Post-Tenure Review Research: Ethical Concerns
When conducting exploratory research upon human subjects, the researcher must always weigh the potential benefits of the research with the potential costs that might be incurred by the individuals under scrutiny. The proposed topic of research, of "Post-tenure review," can yield valuable knowledge for professors, departments, and students alike. As institutions of higher learning are being forced to educate students with fewer financial resources, instituting procedures to target the most effective faculty, and improve pedagogical procedures amongst tenured faculty is essential.
Such research does not present some of the ethical problems of medical or scientific experimental research: there are no physical risks to the subjects. However, privacy concerns are an important ethical issue that may be of concern to professors, students, and administrators. First of all, the subjects in the study must not be obviously identified in a way that could impact the students' or professors' careers at their current institutions or later in life. However, some identifying information is necessary to evaluate the length of time the subject has spent at an institution, their department, professors' publishing records, and other issues that arise when conducting the review process of professors and evaluating teaching records.
Additionally, if subjects are considered to have been given a negative post-tenure review by faculty members or students, the professors might have an alternative view they wish to share with the researches. Allowing professors, students, and administrators to give anecdotal evidence to add context to the statistics compiled about departments that conduct post-tenure review and those departments that do not is essential. But the selected interviews must be balanced demographically so that a variety of views and voices are representative. Subjects must be assured that their results are confidential and any obvious identifiers are not recorded in the report, otherwise they may be less than candid.
Indeed, regardless of how the discussion is framed, this power struggle between administrators and educators remains a constant and relevant force. Still, some research comes to support this idea that tenure helps to promote inequality across certain lines. For instance, Evans et al. (2008) remark on the gender and race lines that permeate the educational hierarchy. According to Evans et al., "sixteen percent of faculty in undergraduate and graduate
The consolidated data are envisioned to provide a generally unbiased view of the various opinions and issues raised. Internet surveys, as discussed by Cozby (2009, p. 132) will not be administered. The reason for this is that the scope of Internet surveys are far greater than that required for this research. These type of surveys are generally administered when a wide variety of data are required from a large amount
" (Zemsky, 1) Null Hypothesis The null hypothesis of the research endeavor is that online professors will report no perceptible connection between post-tenure review and job performance. Alternate Hypothesis The alternate hypothesis of the research endeavor is that online professors will report that post-tenure review improves job performance. Nature of the Study Significance of the Study The significance of the proposed research is based in the need for greater study of online instruction in higher education with
If both parties agree, another alternative dispute resolution method may be used. Specific reasons must be in writing for any decision to terminate the tenured faculty member. The post-tenure review process is mandatory when an administrator is faced with deciding whether to terminate a tenured faculty member with allegations of dating an 18-year-old student and receiving evidence of phone records and witness documentation of the faculty member being seen with
Ethical Practice Involves Working Positively Diversity Difference Counseling is a profession that involves associations based on principles and values ethically. Patients are able to benefit by understanding themselves better and through creating relationships with others. Through counseling, the clients are able to make positive alteration in life and enhance their living standards. Communities, organizations, couples and families are different groups of individuals are main sources of relationships (BACP Ethical Framework, 2013,
In the words of Obama, "Today, with the executive order I am about to sign, we will bring the change that so many scientists and researchers, doctors and innovators, patients and loved ones have hoped for, and fought for, these past eight years: We will lift the ban on federal funding for promising embryonic stem cell research," President Obama further said. "We will vigorously support scientists who pursue this
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