Port Security and the Homeland Security Act of 2002
The direct effects of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 on port security in the United States are not as straightforward as might be thought. The Act itself does not devote any specific title or section to the issue of port security, instead making far more general provisions regarding customs officials and organizations, border security issues, and transportation security (HAS 2002). The response to the spirit and intent of the Act, however, and of the event underlying the act -- the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 -- has been more measurable.
One of the primary effects of the Act and the attacks in this regard has been the refocusing of energies and efforts to an examination of port vulnerabilities and corrective measures. Port security was not on the forefront of most authorities' minds in the period leading up to September 11, and though some would argue that it is still not the primary concern of the multiple interests involved in maintaining port security there has been a marked increase of governmental attention to port security at all levels, especially the federal level (Hecker 2002). Assessment, however, has proven far easier than implementation.
A large part of the problem in implementing security measures has been the conflicts and simple lack of organization that exist between the many different interests and operators involved in any given port. In the near-decade since the passage of the Homeland Security Act, port control for many ports has become more standardized both federally and internationally (Beisecker 2006). Perhaps this is the most prominent effect of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 on port security: it has established a codified system for assessing and implementing standardized security awareness and features.
References
Beisecker, R. (2006). "DP world and U.S. port security." Monterey institute of international studies. Accessed 22 February 2010. http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_75.html
HAS. (2002). homeland security act of 2002. Accessed 22 February 2010. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/hr_5005_enr.pdf
Hecker, J. (2002). "Port security: Nation faces formidable challenges in making new initiatives successful." General accounting office. Accessed 22 February 2010. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02993t.pdf
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