Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder distinguished by the growth of lots of cysts in the kidneys ("Polycystic Kidney Disease" 1). In the majority of cases, this genetic disease is passed down through families as an autosomal dominant trait. If a parent is the carrier of the gene, there is a fifty percent chance for the children to develop the disorder ("Polycystic Kidney Disease").
The kidneys are two organs. Each kidney is about the size of a fist and is found in a human being's abdomen (upper part) towards the back. Extra fluid and wastes present in the blood are filtered by kidneys forming urine as a result. Kidneys also help in the regulation of amounts of certain essential substances in the body. When cysts are formed in the kidneys, they are full of fluid. The normal structure of the kidneys thus becomes greatly enlarged due to the PKD cysts. As a consequence, kidney function is reduced which ultimately leads to kidney failure ("Polycystic Kidney Disease" 1).
When kidneys fail due to PKD, the need of dialysis or patient kidney transplantation becomes inevitable. Polycystic kidney disease also causes cysts formation in the liver. Other organs in the body (particularly the blood vessels in brain and heart) also get affected with this genetic disease. The doctors distinguish PKD cysts from the harmless cysts after checking and examining the number of cysts and the complications caused by them ("Polycystic Kidney Disease" 1).
Polycystic Kidney Disease exists in two major hereditary forms i.e. Autosomal Dominant PKD and Autosomal Recessive PKD. About ninety percent of all cases of PKD are Autosomal dominant PKD making it the most common form of PKD whereas Autosomal recessive PKD is the rare form of PKD ("Polycystic Kidney Disease" 1). Although it is a rare type but is very grave and gets worse swiftly. It can cause serious lung and liver disease, end-stage kidney...
Acute kidney diseases can be severe in the short-term but once treated, the kidney functions return to normal (National Institutes of Health). Hemolytic uremic syndrome and Nephrotic syndrome are acute kidney diseases affecting children. Most acute kidney diseases are caused by trauma, injury, or poisoning. Chronic conditions include deformed kidneys that are due to birth defects, the hereditary disease polycystic kidney disease (PKD), Glomerular diseases, and Systemic diseases (National Institutes
Polycystic Kidney DiseaseIntroductionPolycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid and can cause the kidneys to become enlarged and dysfunctional. PKD can cause a wide range of symptoms, including pain, hypertension, kidney failure, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. PKD is not a disease that can be readily cured, but there are
Huntington's disease (HD) was the first autonomic dominant disorder for which genetic prediction became possible" (Harper, et al., 2000, Journal of Medical Genetics, p. 567). HD is a disease that occurs due to an inherited disorder leading to the death of brain cells. A diagnosis of HD is accomplished through genetic testing which can be implemented at any age regardless of whether the symptoms manifest or not. Although, the specific
(2012) conducted a cohort study in which a large (over three million) group of patients had their renal activity monitored. The study ultimately came to focus on the subgroup who had undergone kidney stones: these were followed up with and examined, at a median follow-up period of eleven years, in Alberta, Canada. The goal was to examine patients who had experienced at least one episode of kidney stones and
Diabetes (Harvard Citation) Studies conducted over decades have concluded that there is a significant link between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. For instance, the most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes, which involves both the impairment in insulin resistance and the defective secretion of insulin by the pancreas. The development of diabetes often comes with a number of cardiovascular complications including "coronary heart disease (CDC), stroke, peripheral arterial disease, nephropathy,
The kidneys of someone that has chronic renal failure are generally smaller than average kidneys, with some notable and important exceptions (Rogers, 2004). Two of these exceptions would be polycystic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy (Rogers, 2004). Another diagnostic tool that is used, that of the study of the serum creatinine levels, can not only diagnose chronic renal failure, but also help to distinguish it from acute renal failure,
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now