¶ … United States Congress, and the lens used in this case study analysis includes political theories. Viewed through this lens, the organization will be analyzed in terms of who has what power in the organization, who has access to agendas and control over information, what power coalitions or alliances exist, and how the unit attempts to influence other units and create upward influence in the organization. As Morgan (2006) points out, all organizations can be perceived as political systems concerned with and dependent on political activity. The United States Congress happens to take that concept of political systems a step further because the precise and overt purpose of the organization is political activity. To achieve its goals, Congress does exhibit the universal political traits of organizations that hinge on the relations among "interests, conflict, and power," (Morgan, 2006, p. 152). It is how the stakeholders in the organization pursue their interests, resolve tensions, and wield power that highlight the most salient issues. For instance, tensions within the organization can be resolved in a number of different ways such as debate or pressure. In Congress, several dynamics coexist including the bureaucratic and democratic, two of the primary means of tension resolution as outlined by Morgan (2006). Power, defined as "the possession of authority and influence over others," is a "tool that...can lead...
1). There are different types of power in organizations like Congress; those types include legitimate, expert, referent, coercive, and reward-based power. All members of Congress possess legitimate power, as each member has been publically elected and retains a political mandate to represent his or her constituency or special interest groups. Although some degree of coercive power does exist in Congress, the most potent and pervasive type of power evident in this organization is referent power. Referent power is "derived from the interpersonal relationships that a person cultivates with other people in the organization, (Merchant, n.d., p. 1). The nature of politics based on relationships and consensus building within the organization (Hirsch, 2016). Members of Congress therefore possess legitimate power but different members of the organization wield power differentially depending on their roles and relative rank in the organization. The influence of special interest groups on political negotiations in Congress cannot be underestimated, as members of Congress can align themselves with external organizations.
Political Systems in China and India Political system in China The political culture in China has been shaped by geographical features and the many eras of the country's history that include the dynastic rule, the previous control by imperialist nations and its aftermath the communist rule. Geographical features in China have greatly influenced and shaped Chinas political development. The political culture inherited from dynastic rules that existed from centuries centered on Confucian
political systems of the United States of America and the Arab Republic of Egypt. The United States of America it a constitution-based federal republic with a strong democratic tradition (United pp). Under the constitution the government operates through three branches of government, the executive branch, legislative, branch and the judicial branch (United pp). The Executive branch consists of the president who serves as both the chief of state and the
The new reform policies set up industries producing appliances, textiles, garments, computers, mobile phones and other inexpensive manufactured goods (Shekarabi & Rabii 2007). While China opened up to foreign investments and the outside world, its leaders assured that the transition to a market-oriented economy would be complemented with policies to promote social stability. As foreign money pours into the Chinese markets, research and development in various fields advance the status
However, only two parties, republicans and democrats have dominated politics in America for many decades (Vile). Although there are "Independents" and various parties that have emerged, the two dominant parties remain the Republicans and the Democrats (Rubin). The evolution of these two parties as the dominant forces in American politics has often had a polarizing impact on the nation (Rubin). Such was the case with the aforementioned election of
India China Political System, Environment, Political Structure, Function The Indian political system, structure, and function is much like that of the UK, although it also resembles the U.S. In some ways. The Indian political structure has a President, typically a ceremonial role however; it much resembles the British monarch. In the role of President, the head of state advises members of the Parliament, and may serve as an advocate for the people.
More precisely, especially in old towns and villages, the members of the community which are the citizens of that small society are also the ones who are directly deciding on issues which affect their community. Thus, town hall meetings usually are the places where everything is discussed and decided upon. One of the important benefits of direct democracy is the degree of implication of the citizens. Better said, in the
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