Political Machines: Politics as a Tammany Vocation
When Max Weber made a speech on politics as a vocation he defined the political machine as a creation of the modern, pluralistic democratic state. A political machine, unlike a purely charismatic individual leader, was a functional bureaucracy attempted, however imperfectly to serve the popular interest through the use of an institutional framework. A quick-voiced opponent of political corruption might protest the use of the political machine as a contemporary model for American democracy, as it has often been associated with corruption, specifically pork barrel politics in America's urban past. Yet, before the creation of political machines, the national apparatus of the state used physical force to ensure compliance with its actions, rather than bestowing any kind of favors to ensure popular compliance.
For example in Weber's Europe, the result of this use of aristocratic force was a form of political tyranny over the lower classes of the land, and later the industrial proletariat, by the minority-led government. In Europe, government existed to first serve the interests of the higher orders, and later the capitalist's biddings alone. The rough and democratic responsiveness of the political machine to the needs and concerns of the ordinary populace provides a lesson modern California politicians have learned from -- through the use of popular initiatives and referendums -- and could further learn from, in terms of the machine's institutional framework.
Because America has traditionally allowed for far less coercive forms of government than has Europe and because of America's sprawling size, government of the burgeoning industrial populace was less cohesive from the beginning, and...
Political Reasons Behind the Electricity Dilemma in Haiti What it will take to have electricity in Haiti Cost Cost is one of the significant factors that contribute significantly to the development of electricity in Haiti. Since the investment in the sector of electricity has been extremely slow, combining the aspects inclusive of the non-payment culture for electric services, low-based metered customers, and fair consumer tariffs contributes significantly to electricity accessibility. The consideration of
Political Ecology in Pandora Avatar tells us that one person cannot save nature but, each individual's effort in encouraging nature should never be underestimated. Avatar is a metaphor for a relationship existing between human beings and the earth. The film expresses a view that is found within the environmental milieu that involves the grassroots environmentalists along with academicians who seem to be analyzing the centuries-long erosion of the Earth's biocultural diversity.
The professional manager held ultimate responsibility for construction, while the designer's authority with respect to the client receded. on-site work done by subcontractors was managed by large general contractors who provided the supervising engineers, and did not necessarily have to adhere to the designers places (Cuff 33). This change was a direct consequence of the arrangement of work in the Industrial Revolution, where specialisation was given new dimensions and
Domestically, Novosti disseminated information on life in other countries and on life in the Soviet Union. All of these institutional structures fell under the authority of the Party. The television system in the Soviet Union was centrally controlled through the State Committee for Tele- vision and Radio (Gostelradio), which coordinated the communication of the ideological message sent down from above. The reorganization and elevation of this committee to the all-union
However, the act only applied to larger towns and the rural districts were still left under the administrative control of the Justices of the Peace until the establishment of elected county councils in 1888. Even though it was quite inadequate for the immediate needs of the common peoples of England, this act made it possible for main urban areas to form their own powerful authority, subject to popular control,
Political Philosophy The purpose of the present paper is to compare and contrast the following books: On Liberty, written by John Stuart Mill in 1859 and The manifesto of the communist party, written by Marx and Engels in 1848. The first part of the paper will describe and analyze the political ideas included in each of the books. The second part will be an attempt to evaluate some of the positive
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now