Criminal Justice Leadership Strategies and Practices
The Role of Planning in Criminal Justice Organizations
In general, planning is one of the five essential functions of organizational management, along with organizing, staffing, coordinating and controlling (Safir, 2003). In some respects, planning is the most important of the five functions of management because it involves aspects of all of the other management functions. That is also the case within criminal justice organizations. More specifically, planning in criminal justice relates to strategic, operational and tactical-level leadership decision making (Safir, 2003).
At the strategic level, planning allows organizational management to shape the long-term mission and objectives of the organization and ensure that the short-term goals of the agency support those long-term missions and objectives. Typically, strategic planning involves analyzing the needs of the community being served by the organization in conjunction with applicable local and state requirements and consideration of federal issues. While state and local law enforcement agencies operate largely independent of federal oversight by virtue of state sovereignty under the 10th Constitutional Amendment (Schmalleger, 2010), they must nevertheless, often incorporate practical considerations involving the federal government within their planning.
That is simply because maintaining eligibility for federal money in the form of grants may be directly dependent on voluntary compliance with federal guidelines or strategic goals. In this area, the consequences of inadequate or ineffective planning can potentially undermine the organizations entire mission by jeopardizing the availability of significant federal funds capable of supporting the organization's programs and initiatives.
At the operational level, planning allows organizational management to implement the specific programs and initiatives...
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