Plato, Epictetus, & Nietzsche When we discuss how Plato presents the most appropriate human attitude toward bodily appetite and/or passion, it is vital to note that Plato's method of discussing philosophy in dialogue -- as though this were a drama with characters each competing for attention, but with an overarching dramatic structure above and beyond those chattering characters which more subtly guides the way we are meant to understand the competing arguments -- makes it difficult to say what Plato himself thought about the question of bodily desire, because the Symposium's dramatic structure may give the climactic pride of place to Socrates's speech, but then seemingly Plato directly undercuts the loftier sentiments of Socrates's discourse on love by ending it with the farcical entry of the drunken Alcibiades. So this is important to notice before examining Socrates's vision of the bodily appetites -- in this case, specifically the sexual appetite -- that we remember its philosophical idealizing may be intentionally and comedically brought back down to earth by the spirit of drunken lustful merriment that raucously changes the tone in the last moments of the dialogue. The Symposium in this case feels more like a one-act play than a philosophical disquisition, and so it is worth noting its dramatic aspects: in a late-night drinking party, in which cups of wine were exchanged in an attitude of presenting one's own learned rhetorical display on a set topic, Socrates and others -- including the comedian Aristophanes -- are asked to discourse on Love. After having heard the views of a medical man and a comedian, Socrates gives us the philosopher's view of love, by means of recounting his meeting once upon a time with...
Socrates's recounting of this past discourse with an intelligent woman (something of a rarity in the 5th century Athenian milieu of Plato's dialogues) is what gives us the popular notion of "Platonic love," used now as a sort of debased euphemism for non-sexual love. But Socrates's -- or Diotima's -- description is actually much more subtle: the idea is that the love process involves a kind of idealization, such that it feeds upon itself. What is being phased out of existence is, in a sense, the physical or bodily element. Socrates seems to indicate that the final love is the love of wisdom, for that is literally what "philosophy" means -- in other words, that the idealizing qualities of a mind in love, which work so imperfectly in actually idealizing a physical human being with his or her own physical urges, desires, and aversions, work far better when applied to the intellectual sense of idealized categories or ideas. But one way or another, Socrates ends up likening it to a heavenly beauty and glimpse of the soul's immortality, which lies at the end of a love which has evolved out of the "toils" of actual physically embodied and fully sexual love. As Diotima puts it:
Plato -- Life and Works Plato was born in Athens circa 425 BC, just after the onset of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. He lost his father at an early age, but through his mother's marriage to a friend of the leading statesman and general of Athens at the time, Plato became affiliated with some of the most influential circles of a city enjoying a Golden Age. The early
Finally, Socrates comes to the idea of knowledge as true judgment accompanied by "an account," meaning evidence or reason. In this context, knowledge would mean not only believing something true, but also having a reasonable justification for that belief; in other words, this definition proposes that knowledge means knowing a true thing and knowing why that thing is true. However, even here Socrates has a problem with the definition,
John the Savage manifests the kind of high, independent spirituality spoken of in "Beyond Good and Evil." However, while John seeks a more conventional, common good Nietzsche spurns any predetermined moral systems at all, and advocates an independent, emotional, and irrational wilfulness. Nietzsche's system, unlike Epictetus, is not based upon acceptance of the limits of the human condition, but seeks deeper happiness (not pleasure) in resistance. But both Epictetus and
Lesson Plan Amp; Reflection I didn't know what state you are in so was unable to do state/district standards! Lesson Plan Age/Grade Range; Developmental Level(s): 7-8/2nd Grade; Below grade level Anticipated Lesson Duration: 45 Minutes Lesson Foundations Pre-assessment (including cognitive and noncognitive measures): All students are reading below grade level (5-7 months) as measured by standardized assessments and teacher observation Curricular Focus, Theme, or Subject Area: Reading: Fluency, word recognition, and comprehension State/District Standards: Learning Objectives: Students will develop
Branding in Service Markets Amp Aim And Objectives Themes for AMP Characteristics Composing Branding Concept Branding Evolution S-D Logic and Service Markets Branding Challenges in Service Markets Considerations for Effective Service Branding Categories and Themes Branding Theory Evolution S-D Logic and Service Markets Branding Challenges in Service Markets Considerations for Effective Service Branding Branding Concept Characteristics Characteristics Composing Branding Concept Sampling of Studies Reviewed Evolution of Branding Theory Evolution of Marketing Service-Brand-Relationship-Value Triangle Brand Identity, Position & Image Just as marketing increasingly influences most aspects of the consumer's lives, brands
However, Nietzsche is keen to observe that the fact that there are varying standards of morality or different moralities does not mean that there is no form of biding morality. If this is the case therefore, then it is logical to argue that there are as well varying kinds of 'binding' originating from the varying moralities, for instance, the Christian binding cannot be deemed the same as the binding
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now