Kant's Critique Of Practical Reason And Other Writing On The Theory Of Ethics
Kant's article on practical reason on the theory of ethics draws heavily from deontological ethics. To make the term understandable from the layman's point-of-view, deontological ethics is simply the study of moral obligation. This implies duties that a person must perform in the course of his relationship with others or to put it simply, duties that an individual is expected to perform if he is to lead a quiet and peaceful existence. This implies duties a person must exercise for himself, towards his fellowmen, towards country, towards God. Basic to this article is the supreme principle of morality which underlie the reason for all rules of ethics and the concomitant duties that an individual must perform.
Taken broadly, duties are actions that are mandatory - in other words required and must perforce be done. Some philosophers through like Grotius feel that our ultimate duties are fixed features of the universe, which cannot be changed even by God and these are part and parcel of natural law.
The Law of Traditional Duty Theory
On the Law of Nature and of Nations, we all have rights and everybody has a duty to respect that right: Pufendorf feels that duties are more important than rights.
Perfect duties are obligations precisely defined such as you have a duty not to steal. Imperfect duties are not fixed like the duty to be charitable.
All duties to others are the most basic since this must follows the mandate of natural law that we are to be sociable. Towards God, we have a theoretical duty to know the existence and nature of God and a practical duty to worship God, both internally and externally.
Towards ourselves, we have duties of the soul which means developing one's skills and talents and duties of the body which means not neglecting our bodies through gluttony or drunkenness and not killing oneself.
Concerning duties towards others these are "divided into absolute duties which are binding on people and conditional duties which are the result...
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