¶ … Rene Descartes
"I have never written about the infinite except to submit myself to it, and not to determine what it is or not..."
Philosopher Rene Descartes
Were he alive and intellectually active in these times of terrorism and uncertainty, of AIDS and anthrax and animal cloning, what would Rene Descartes be doing? Were he awakening these mornings in 2003 to recount his expansive dreams in writings, and generate his geometric formulae, while the drumbeats of war numb the mind and pictures of African children break the heart, what would Descartes be planning? And were Descartes among us today, while the utter folly a/la Joe Millionaire (will Joe choose Sara or Zora?) occupies "civilized" dialogue - and suicide bombers pull the switch in crowded public places - what would he be writing? Moreover, wouldn't it be refreshing - and curative - to have a prolific mind, a true visionary genius such as Descartes, in our midst, to help us ask the pertinent questions nobody is asking, to educate our children, and find that elusive human perspective hitherto missing in action?
There was much talk about "heroes" following the attacks on the World Trade Center (9/11/01) - and indeed men and women died trying to help others, and they are heroes. But isn't humankind today craving a purely cerebral hero, a giant of a scholar / philosopher who would show the kind of leadership that might lift us from the carnage of a crazed world?
Meanwhile, as an alternative to waiting for another Descartes to arrive and give a weary world the boost, why not have every parent and every teacher in every language in every corner of the world spend a few moments every day to share with young people - through easy-to-digest explanations - the great writings of Descartes? There would be no conflict with constitutional issues, or with native spiritual traditions and cultural values, since Meditation II is about looking inward, about learning to think, about questioning reasons for existence, and Meditation III can be left to parents to share, since it alludes to God.
All children dream. So did Descartes. "I have frequently, during sleep, believed that I perceived objects which I afterward observed I did not in reality perceive," Descartes wrote in Meditation II. "Thinking is another attribute of the soul; and here I discover what properly belongs to myself. This alone is inseparable from me. I am - I exist: this is certain; but how often? As often as I think; for perhaps it would even happen, if I should wholly cease to think, that I should at the same time altogether cease to be."
Herein we see Descartes challenging his own existence, his own being. Thinking - not necessarily brainstorming some issue or trying to solve some personal problem - just thinking, letting thoughts write their silent truths without interference. And then, in his case, cataloging them in writing for the world's future enlightenment.
It seems that this passage could be translated into any language, and bright, caring teachers could stir in children the joy of inquiring within themselves. For it's apparent that in a world of nattering TV sets, mesmerizing 3-D video games, movies and near-constant annoying music - we're allowing technology handle the accepted wisdom for us. We're bombarded with static, with noise, with advertising nonsense, with distorted hard-sell generated by arrogant agencies in tall steel buildings - so much so that we can't hear ourselves think, let alone think for ourselves. Imagine Descartes' astonishment if he could witness Chicago's downtown mid-morning, with half of the pedestrians blabbing on cell phones. Or imagine his chagrin, while enjoying a lovely dinner in a fine eatery, when the shriek of a cell phone explodes at the next table. This is a man who challenged existence - far, far, far from any maddening new world of gadgets and tedium.
In Meditation II (#6) Descartes declared: "I am therefore, precisely speaking, only a thinking thing, that is, a mind...I am, however, a real thing, and really existent; but what thing? The answer was, a thinking thing." How refreshing in its simplicity and yet, it's profundity.
Now, take his concepts to a point of pragmatism that could help our world. Imagine for a moment a parent, lovingly turning off the television and the CD player, and sitting on the sofa with a 14-year-old...
Philosopher Rene Descartes wrote, "I think, therefore I am." While Descartes used this phrase to put into perspective his beliefs on the philosophical debate of existence, this quote resonates to most philosophical layman today as a motto for achieving anything that they may set their mind to. However, the manner in which one thinks -- positively or negatively -- also adds a great deal to what I perceive the
Descartes viewed that the whole of human knowledge was a tree, with each part relying on the others for the purposes of functioning - and, in a philosophical sense, validity. The tree's trunk was comparable to physics. The branches Descartes considered to be the applied sciences of morals, medicine, and mechanic. The roots of the tree provided support and nourishment to the whole of the system; these roots, Descartes
Magnitude or extension in length, breadth, or depth, I do so perceive; I have before remarked that it is only in judgments that falsity, properly speaking, or formal falsity, can be met with, a certain material falsity may nevertheless be found in ideas, i.e. when these ideas represent what is nothing as though it were something."(Descartes) On the contrary, through judgment or reason the material can be very well apprehended.
Hypothetical Scenario: The creation of a "sensory bar" and the First Meditation of Rene Descartes At the beginning of the "First Meditation" the French philosopher Rene Descartes takes a philosophical posture known as radical skepticism: he resolves to doubt anything that cannot be proven. After all, he rationalizes, he is aware of the fact that sometimes he is dreaming and since this is the case, might not all the world be
A similar argument is applied in human emotions (that is, emotions are also influenced by reason). Damasio explicated, a]s organisms acquired greater complexity, 'brain-caused' actions require more immediate processing...Brains can have many intervening steps in the circuits mediating between stimulus and response, and still have no mind, if they do not meet an essential condition: the ability to display images internally and to order those images in a process
Descartes might, however, point out that it does not matter which forms or symbols are used so long as direct knowledge is acquired. Furthermore, it would be impossible to completely separate the artist from the form; or even the viewer from the form. Mathematics is a purer means of representing reality than painting or language. Both Descartes and Langer would surrender to the inevitability of symbolic communication. Even mathematics involves
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