Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacoeconomics Exploration
Introduction
It is important to note, from the onset, that according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2018), it is estimated that in the U.S., 30.3 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes thus far. As CDC further points out, within the last two decades, the number of persons diagnosed with the condition has increased by a multiple of 3. This is a clear indicator of the existing need for interventions seeking to salvage the situation. In the long-term, the treatment as well as management of diabetes also happens to be rather costly. According to the American Diabetes Association – ADA (2018), “the estimated total economic cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2017 was $327 billion.” Each year, there are approximately 1.5 million new diagnoses made for diabetes. This text seeks to explore pharmacogenetics and pharmacoeconomics principles in relation to pharmacological treatment as well as patient outcomes. In so doing, the management of type 2 diabetes will be the primary focus. This is more so the case given that type 2 diabetes accounts for a vast majority of diabetes cases.
Discussion
Diabetes presents a staggering economic as well as social burden. As a matter of fact, in 2018, diabetes was listed as a leading cause of death – with the condition assuming the 7th position in this case (CDC, 2018). Further, it is important to note that as Cohen (2010) observes, in the year 2017, the condition used up a total of $245 billion in direct and direct costs. As various research studies conducted in the past have indicated, comorbid conditions usually get in the way of the effective treatment and management of diabetes. Some of the more common comorbid conditions include, but they are not limited to, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. It should be noted that failure to effectively manage...
References
American Diabetes Association – ADA (2018). Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care, 41(5), 917-928.
Cohen, N. (2010). Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine. New York, NY: Humana Press.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2019). About Diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html
Lecka-Czernik, B & Fowlkes, J.L. (Eds.). (2015). Diabetic Bone Disease: Basic and Translational Research and Clinical Applications. Belmont, CA: Springer
Rascati, K. (2013). Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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