¶ … Perioperative pharmacology: pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics" denotes some key concerns for perioperative professionals to consider when administering medication for this particular specialty. The article begins with the authors explicating the fact that the vast majority of errors related to issuing medication to patients in this field occurs during the administrative phase due to what is termed "a weakness in the knowledge of the health care provider" (Hernandez et al., 2011, p. 260). As such, the article identifies three key stratifications that health care professionals should consider when issuing perioperative pharmacology: pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. It is worth notin that pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are identified as considerations of pharmacotherapeutics. Pharmacotherapeutics is best defined as "the use of medications to prevent, treat, cure, or alleviate symptoms of disease" (Hernandez et al., 2011, p.259). A key aspect of this pharmacotherapeutics is pharmacokinetics, a term used to denote just how the body processes medication once the latter has entered the former. Pharmacokinetics has four essential stages that medication must go through in order to produce an efficacious result in a patient; the tending to the administration...
Some of the most salient points in the article regarding the way the body absorbs medication includes the fact that there are several different ways to induce this process "including oral, IV, topical, intramuscular, and subcutaneous" Hernandez et al., 2011, p. 260). How much food is in a person's system has an influence over absorption rates, as does the total area in which the medication is administered and the general solubility of the medication itself.
Acute Kidney InjuryThe treatment of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has changed dramatically with the change in the management of comorbidities associated with it, such as hypertension. With this change, the rationale applied in the approach taken to treat these changes has also evolved. The use of pharmacologic treatment of AKI has been tried with varying success rates due to inefficiencies in implementing approaches used in trials with animals in humans
Secondary Career Option Cardiovascular Perfusionist Second Career Option Cardiovascular Perfusionist Second Career Option: Cardiovascular Perfusionist Second Career Option: Cardiovascular Perfusionist A cardiovascular perfusionist is a specialized health professional who operates the heart-lung machine during cardiac surgery and other surgeries that require cardiopulmonary bypass (Goeckner, Hicks, and Wanzer, 2011, p. 136). The perfusionist is a highly trained member of the cardiothoracic surgical team whose responsibilities center around the support of the physiological and metabolic needs
Lessening the Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation The issue of reducing or preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery has been the subject of numerous studies. Existing studies sought to establish which agents are effective in this process since multiple agents are used to prevent AF. Reduction of incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation is critical in order to promote the outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In addition to flutter, atrial
However, recently, anesthesiologists have suggest a low to mid thoracic epidural combined with adequate general anesthesia. This anesthetic technique will allow for adequate inter-operative monitoring. After the operation, the anesthesiologist must continue to monitor the patient for either hypertension, hypotension and hypoglycemia. The presence of either of these conditions may alter the course of the medication given to the patient once the patient is removed from the anesthesia. Respiratory System Neurofibroma
NURSING Nursing: Cardiovascular SurgeryAfter going through sections of the given book and watching a video of cardiovascular surgery, the indications and risk factors for bypass graft, aortic replacement, and valve replacement surgery include age, previous heart surgery, serum creatinine level, peripheral or cerebral vascular disease, left main artery coronary artery stenosis, and left ventricular ejection fraction, etc. (Gardner et al., 2004).The most common diagnoses observed in patients who have undergone
Introduction Accurate measurement of blood pressure is critical for making appropriate clinical decisions in the management of high blood pressure in order to reduce cardiovascular risk and prevent organ damage. This is important because an inaccurate measurement of blood pressure could lead to a patient being falsely classified as hypertensive or falsely classified as having high normal or normal blood pressure. It could also lead to faulty clinical decisions regarding patient
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