Where authoritative style of parenting is highly balanced, it not only fulfills the needs of a child but also exerts the demand for the right behavior in a positive manner. The children who were made to receive a positive feedback and shared cordial, friendly and supporting relationship from their parents are expected to show lower degree of inclination towards alcoholism (Jackson et al., 1997). There is a considerable chance that hereditary factors also play decisive role in deciding the alcohol consumption patterns of these children. Involvement of a similar genetic pattern is a considerable factor in this regard.
However, generally speaking, the teenagers are more likely to adopt the behavior borne by their families, the work environment, general ethics and morals and level of commitment and self-control that they have witnessed in their families. However, many teenagers also tend to reject the inherent family setting that they have been operating in and develop an opposite set of values. This is most likely the case when the child was raised through authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved parenting styles. Where the teenagers come from homes with high strict values, the most obvious inclination is to develop a behavior which is opposite to what they have been forced to maintain. On the other hand, permissive parenting style forces children to lose self-control and develop low-degree of self-esteem which is also one of the major causative agents behind alcoholism.
However, families having a balanced culture of autonomy and independence are more likely to have strong ties with the adolescent members of their families. Although in college life especially in freshman year, the students are most likely to show diversion from their standard behaviors due to peer pressure. However, such attitude is most likely to develop when the parent-adolescent share a low-quality relationship. Children of authoritative parents are less likely to develop emotional problems since they are taught to gain self-control and have been given reasonable autonomy and independence. However, children with considerable emotional requirements being ignored by their parents are most likely to develop a certain type of addiction in the college years when an enhanced relationship with other students coming from various backgrounds and family systems is developed (Deky, Levy & Wells, 1986)
Research regularly Conducted on Parenting Styles & Adolescents' Alcohol Intake
Alcoholism & Its Relation to Parenting Styles
There have been several studies conducted in order to prove a relationship between parenting styles and the pattern of alcoholism in freshman college students. One of these studies was conducted by Peckham and Lopez in 2007, which was intended to establish a relationship between these two variables. During this study, a sample of 441 college students out of which 216 were female subjects and 225 were males, was taken. Although the study was gender driven with a 2-group model used for sample division, the outcomes derived indicated that the parenting styles and the bonds of the subjects with their parents had an impact on the overall behavioral health of these subjects and also their alcohol consumption as a result. In addition to that, the study focused more on relationships of these subjects with their fathers only instead of both parents. However, both the genders showed that in a presence of permissive or authoritarian father, the subject was inclined to develop alcoholism as a result of depression and stress.
The findings of this research further suggested that parental influences on pathways to alcohol abuse through depression (primarily through fathers for both genders) are distinct from pathways stemming from poor impulse control (with influences primarily from the same-sex parents for both genders). The correlation was performed with the help of multiple-indicator, multiple-cause structural equation model (MIMIC). The study lead to a conclusion that father's personality and parenting style has more influence on personality of a child.
A similar study was conducted by Changalwa et al. In 2012. The intention was to develop a correlation between the parenting styles and the alcohol intake by the students of Kaimosi Teachers Training College, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used which is best suited for surveys involving larger populations. A purposive sample of 32 randomly selected subjects was taken and a self-completed questionnaire was used as an assessment tool. This tool was suitable for acquiring first hand information from the subjects. To determine the content validity of the research instrument, the researcher identified the different types of parenting styles and their influence on alcohol abuse from review of literature. Test-retest method of estimating reliability was used to determine the reliability. This method administers the same instrument...
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