There were minimum effects of decreasing to the ozone levels in the Antarctic during the decade of the 1990's. During 2000 and 2003 the hole extended over 10.8 million square miles or an area larger than the North American Continent.
All damages to the Ozone layer are not of the manmade type. It is known that volcanoes emit sulfuric acid droplets during the course of an eruption. Although it is expected that the ozone will recover, if all nations abide by the CFC banning agreement and other mandates of the Montreal Protocol of 1988, it is understood among scientists that reality has it that the Ozone will not fully recover for at 50 and up to a possible 100 years.
Since the initial agreement of the Montreal Protocol, the Protocol has been the object of several amendments and also been improved through revision. Approximately 100 chemicals that damage the ozone have been banned or will or have been phased out of use. Donors to the Multilateral Fund have turned over $1.3 billion for development and implementation of the Protocol. Although the Ozone is not back to normal the layer has been "stabilized." Without the collaboration of the many peoples and countries on the earth the preservation of the global environment would not have been even a faint hope. However, the battle is not won and certainly won't be unless first the Ozone layer is returned to its' original condition and then a collective effort be made in preventing this type of occurrence again in the future.
According to an October 2004 Ozone report the hole in the layer over Antarctica has shrunk by approximately 20% compared to last year. According to the National Institute of water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) the measure of the hole, peaking at 9 million square miles against the comparison of 11 square miles two years ago. State in this report was the fact that the Ozone layer sits approximately 9-19 miles above the earth. Since the 1987 Montreal Protocol over 100 difference substances that cause damage to the Ozone has been phased out and banned in over 180 states.
Summary and Conclusion:
Although reports do seem to indicate that the Ozone layer hole is shrinking, there are scientists that state that it is too early to make conclusive statements however, it does seem logical that at the cutting out of 100 different substances that damage the Ozone happening simultaneously and on the part of 180 nations that the lessened...
Another consideration is that
global warming is entirely independent of the influence of human beings and although this too seems logical, in light of the careless and irresponsible behavior of mankind in relation to industrial practices of the past, that consideration seems highly unlikely.
Bibliography:
Ricks, Delthia (2004) "U.S. Urban Air Polution: Ground-level Ozone Tied to
Deaths"-
Newsday Report [Online] Retrieved from HighBeam Research ttp://www.highbeam.com library/doc3.asp?DO CID=1P1:102525028& num=4& ctrlInfo=Round9b%3APro d%3ASR %3AResult& ao=
Fundamental of Physical Geography (nd) Chapter 7: Introduction to the Atmosphere: Atmospheric Composition [Online] located at; http://www.physicalgeography.n et/fu ndamenta ls/7a.html
Mukhopadyay, R. (2004) Rubber World: Ozone Attack and Tire Sidewall Protection (Tech Service); 9/1/2004; Mukhopadhyay, R.
Robson, Seth (1999) "Ozone Hero: The Man Who mended the Hole" The Press Caterbury, NZ 1999 May 7 [Online] at: http://www.highbeam.com/library / doc3.asp? DOCID=1 P1:23250298& num=63& ctrlInfo=Round9b%3AProd %3ASR%3A Result ao=
Gonzalez, Gustavo (1996) "Environment: Crisis Over Damage to Ozone Layer" Inter-Press Service English News Wire 1996 September 16.
Ricks, Delthia (2004) "U.S. Urban Air Polution: Ground-level Ozone Tied to Deaths"-
Newsday Report [Online] Retrieved from HighBeam Research ttp://www.highbeam.com library/doc3.asp?DO CID=1P1:102525028& num=4& ctrlInfo=Round9b%3APro d%3ASR %3AResult& ao=
Ricks, Delthia (2004) "U.S. Urban Air Polution: Ground-level Ozone Tied to Deaths"-
Newsday Report [Online] Retrieved from HighBeam Research ttp://www.highbeam.com library/doc3.asp?DO CID=1P1:102525028& num=4& ctrlInfo=Round9b%3APro d%3ASR %3AResult& ao=
Ibid.
Fundamental of Physical Geography (nd) Chapter 7: Introduction to the Atmosphere: Atmospheric Composition [Online] located at; http://www.physicalgeography.n et/fundamental ls/7a.html
Ibid.
Fundamental of Physical Geography (nd) Chapter 7: Introduction to the Atmosphere: Atmospheric Composition [Online] located at; http://www.physicalgeography.n et/fundamental ls/7a.html
Ibid.
Robson, Seth (1999) "Ozone Hero: The Man Who mended the Hole" The Press Caterbury, NZ 1999 May 7 [Online] at: http://www.highbeam.com/library / doc3.asp? DOCID=1 P1:23250298& num=63& ctrlInfo=R ound9b%3AProd %3ASR%3A Result ao=
