In the following passages she makes a quality argument. Those bosses, Bridges writes (123), were "militant" and "hard-fisted," and certainly "tough." Some of these emerging bosses (Joel Barker in Pittsburgh; Joel Sutherland in Philadelphia; and Henry Winter Davis in Baltimore) built their organizations (and got lots of votes) by reaching out to the "gangs and fire companies" of "the dangerous classes." After all, votes are votes, no matter how grimy the person is who pulls the lever for the professional "boss" and his organization. In fact, the political boss in America during that time "...deliberately relinquishes social honor," Bridges quotes noted sociologist Max Weber as saying (123).
The bosses (153) were "disciplined" who knew enough to accommodate both "the dangerous classes' and the "respectable element.'" the "primary requisite" for good jobs was not skill, but rather "political loyalty." Think about that for a moment; if a boss has enough power to ensure jobs for his political constituents no matter how unskilled they might be, that is the perfect foundation for machine politics. Still, though the boss had enormous power, and helped fuel machine politics' potency, the boss was "an elusive figure, sometimes denounced as a demagogue, rogue, or thief" (153) and also seen as a "Robin Hood, defender of the immigrant, and cultural symbol of the political triumph of the common man," Bridges continued.
Bridges makes a successful argument when she points out on page 158 that machine politics really took hold in the U.S. "...when the cities lost their last resemblance to the eighteenth-century municipality and acquired the central elements of the nineteenth century urban political order." So, how did this happen, specifically? The author says there were two "momentous developments" which transformed the American political economy. One of those developments was the coming of industrialization, which reshaped ways in which "...people got, spent, and labored" and was a kind of "social revolution," Bridges explains. The second development has previously been reviewed in this paper, the "white manhood suffrage" which gave enormous power to the emerging...
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