" (Simon, 188) the fundamental perspective here is that leadership and the ability to apply actions based on culturally driven decisions are central to helping members of the organization learn in a concrete manner how best to accord with the reigning culture. In order for this to occur though, there must be a certain initial scrutiny and selectiveness where leadership and personnel are concerned, endorsing an organization-wide emphasis on the quality

The theory sees human organizational behaviors and conceptions culturally bound, rather than natural, unlike advocates of systems theory. Systems theory has been more influenced by sociology and linguistics than the natural sciences. Analyzing symbolic interpretations may be more useful in organizations serving diverse populations: if a public health organization wants to alleviate the prevalence of diabetes in an area, it is not enough to more effectively disseminate information through the

But Wal-Mart has been more successful where Kmart has failed. The author of the study explains this difference with the treatment, importance and role played and offered to the human resource. "Kmart and Wal-Mart are virtually identical, right? Yet most people prefer to shop at Wal-Mart. Kmart recently declared bankruptcy. Could the reason for this be as fundamental as leadership style and the resultant employee attitude? I believe so.

Knowledge Management (KM) A new knowledge-based economy of learning individuals, organizations and economies has evolved from the machine-based economy which dominated the developed world throughout the twentieth century. The emergence of a new type of firm is signaled by the familiar symptoms of corporate change such as devolution of managerial responsibilities, more flexibility and skill in the workforce, more recourse to outsourcing, and increased networking both inside and outside the firm

Over the past decade, 'culture' has become a common term used when thinking about and describing an organization's internal world, a way of differentiating one organization's personality from another. In fact, many researchers contend that an organization's culture socializes people (Stein, 1985) and that leadership styles are an integral part of the culture of an organization. A culture-specific perspective reflects the view that the occurrence and the effectiveness of certain

Knowledge Management Organizational Communication Organizational Communication and Knowledge Management When and How can Organizational Communications Undermine and/or Damage Knowledge Management Different scholars have defined knowledge and its management in their own way. According to Davenport and Prusak (2000, p.05), knowledge is a fluid which consists of experience, information, values and expert insight which supports for evaluating, estimating and integrating new experiences and information. They further explain that the knowledge actually exists in the minds