Hospice affirms life and neither hastens nor postpones death" ("Preamble and Philosophy," NHPCO, 2010). The NHPCO formal mission statement is: "To lead and mobilize social change for improved care at the end of life" ("Mission & Vision," NHPCO, 2010).
Financial and economic statements
Hospices individually operate under a wide variety of financial models, including for-profit and not-for-profit systems. Most use "a managed-care model, with insurance companies providing per visit and per diem reimbursement" (Baxendale & Dornbusch 2000, p.1). "Hospices receive funds from government programs or private insurance, from donations made by the public or other corporations, and from grants donated by charitable foundations...Hospices are not reimbursed on a fee for service basis: rather, hospices are paid, on a basis of how many days the patient is enrolled in the program and received services…In return for payment, Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance companies expect the hospices to provide all services which the patient and family need which are related to the terminal illness"("Hospice Funding," Hospice Patient Alliance, 2001). "Shorter length of stays by patients closer to death and indigent care strain the managed-care model," given the expense of creating an initial pain management pain for the patient, which is necessary regardless of his or her length of the stay (Baxendale & Dornbusch, 2000, p.1).
Recently, the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization survived what could have been a critical blow to its financial status. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 placed "a one-year moratorium on cuts in Medicare funding for the more than 4,700 hospice programs nationwide" (Perkins 2010). Medicare and Medicaid funding are one of the main sources of financing for hospice care. "A 2007 independent Duke University study found that hospice reduced Medicare costs by an average of $2,300 per hospice patient, amounting to a total of more than $2 billion in savings in a single year," but a 2008 regulation issued by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, would have eliminated "a key component of the Medicare hospice reimbursement formula known as the budget neutrality adjustment factor (BNAF)" (Perkins 2010).
Female role in the organization
Quite simply, without the commitment of women, hospice would not exist. Hospice was founded by a female physician,...
However, they are often emotionally isolated and are unable to determine whether or not they are loved by their family members or whether they will be missed after passing on. This often happens because the family members are not directly involved in providing hospice care to their patients. Hospice care can be a great way of strengthening the connection between the terminally ill patient and their loved ones and
" (AAFP, nd) The Health Maintenance Organization further should "…negotiate with both public and private payers for adequate reimbursement or direct payment to cover the expenses of interpreter services so that they can establish services without burdening physicians…" and the private industry should be "…engaged by medical organizations, including the AAFP, and patient advocacy groups to consider innovative ways to provide interpreter services to both employees and the medically underserved." (AAFP,
Corporate Social Responsibility in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry An Exploratory Study Outlook of CSR in India History of CSR in India Philanthropy in Indian Society Modern Form of CSR in Indian Society Profile of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Rationale for Selection CSR Activities by Indian Pharmaceutical Companies Major Influences Over CSR Activities Scope of CSR Activities Comparison of Indian & Western Pharmaceutical Companies This research paper is concerned with the recent practices of Indian pharmaceutical companies in the field of corporate social responsibility. For
The nursing professional must be adept at dealing with these kinds of conversations, and without increasing the guilt that the family member or patient might be experiencing, and keeping in mind the patient's probable depression; it is the responsibility of the nursing professional to take the conversation back to the treatment and therapies that within the realm of the legal and ethical practices in delivering medical nursing care. Jacquie Peden,
Knowing this, Strenger points out that therapists need to consider "who can work with whom," because the therapeutic outcome may be greatly affected by the "chemistry" between therapist and client. The egalitarian principle in the therapeutic relationship gets played out further in qualitative studies (such as Gallegos, 2005 and Cohen, 2005) in which client experiences in the mental health system and subjective accounts of symptom relief from psychotherapy are
Difficult Patients Mitigating Risks from Dementia Providing adequate care for an individual suffering from dementia presents many difficulties for nurses. Patients with dementia often have debilitating conditions such as Alzheimer's or similar neurologic diseases which are progressive, thereby making it challenging for them to remember, think lucidly, communicate effectively or complete activities of daily living. Furthermore, dementia can cause rapid variations in mood or even modify personality and behavior. With the
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