Operant conditioning can be used to help someone overcome negative behaviors, such as in the case of a school boy who is prone to fighting in school. If the boy's parents wanted to use operant conditioning to help their child overcome his temper and stop fighting, there are various operant-conditioning approaches they could take. They could reinforce good behavior and punish bad behavior in the following ways:
(1) They could use positive reinforcement by rewarding the boy for avoiding fights, either by rewarding him for conflicts that he encountered but did not allow to escalate to physical altercations, or they could reward him for the consecutive number of days he avoided fighting. Either way, they would reinforce fighting avoidance by giving the boy something that he valued or appreciated that he realizes he earned by avoiding fighting.
(2) They could also use negative reinforcement by rewarding the boy for avoiding fights. As in the case of positive reinforcement, they could either reward him for conflicts that he encountered but did not allow to escalate to physical altercations, or they could reward him for the consecutive number of days he avoided fighting. They could reinforce fighting avoidance by allowing the boy to be excused from doing something that he normally is required to do but would prefer not to do, such as helping clean the dishes or mowing the lawn.
(3) They could use negative punishment by punishing the boy for fighting. If the boy fights, he could be required to do additional chores at home that he would ordinarily not have to do. To be effective, the boy would have to strongly prefer not to do those chores and he would have to be explicitly aware that the additional chores are consequences of fighting in school.
(4) They could also use negative punishment by punishing the boy for fighting by depriving him of something that he values, such as trips to the mall or movies or bowling. If the boy fights, he could lose the privilege of going to the mall on the weekends or of other things that he values. To be effective, the boy would have to strongly prefer to be allowed to do those things and he would have to be explicitly aware that the deprivation of those privileges is a specific consequence of his fighting in school.
Then, on seeing that the rearing has become a little bit familiar to him, sniffy is therefore, reinforced when he rears at a point with the bar. After several attempts of the previous steps, sniffy was encouraged to rear up nearer to the bar as possible. During the regular training observation, incase sniffy rears so close to the bar this increases the likelihood that sniffy will press on the bar.
Conditioning Classical and operant conditioning are types of behavioral learning. Subsets of behavioral psychology, classical and operant conditioning show how a subject (animal or human) can exhibit relatively permanent changes in behavior due to certain types of experiences. According to Cryver (2000), learning is a "fundamental process" in all animals. Classical conditioning is also known as "learning by association." Association in this sense refers to the association of a behavior with a
Operant Conditioning is based on the idea that an individual's response to external stimuli can be modified, or changed, depending upon the consequences of that individual's response. Formulated by famed psychologist B.F. Skinner, operant conditioning deals mainly with voluntary behavior, or operant behavior. While classical conditioning deals mainly with involuntary, or reflex, behaviors, Skinner's theory maintains a system of consequences for reactions which are called punishment and reinforcement. Punishment is
My reasoning is based not only upon the behavior itself, but also upon the relationship between the organism and the trainer. An organism that most receives negative reinforcement associates such reinforcement not only with the undesirable behavior, but also with the trainer. The relationship between the trainer and organism is damaged, and trust is undermined. Trust is important to effective training. A better way to discourage undesirable behavior is perhaps
In using operant conditioning to modify temper tantrums, the most effective and efficient method uses a system of positive reinforcement that rewards a child for reacting to a situation in a manner other than a tantrum, and a negative reinforcement that involve taking away something a child if the child throws a tantrum. When the child is presented with a situation that usually would result in a tantrum, the ideal
This technique is called shaping, as the teacher starts with information students already know and then new information is broken into small pieces. In teaching vocabulary, the teacher is more likely to suggest or work with the textbook, and the setting of a democratic environment based on common agreement is not such an important fact as in the humanistic approach. The lesson starts with a revision and review of the information
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