(Harris, 2002, p. 8)
Terrorist acts are both crimes and forms of warfare, and in both respects are unlike what we are used to." 2 Understanding the larger possibilities, such as warfare, law enforcement will be able to make informed decisions on matters concerning data collection. When gathering information it is important to document and standardize every step of the process. This will alleviate any complications when categorizing behaviors or activities and will ensure that all participants in the process are on the same playing field. (Ronczkowski, 2004, p. 72)
Following the 9/11 attacks on the U.S. which is an example of foreign terrorism, though domestic terrorism has been present in the U.S. For decades, many individuals accepted new standards of security that might infringe upon their rights as citizens to freely travel, assemble and speak, yet more recent protests have been leveled against law enforcement and security measures as time has passed, and the memory of atrocities has faded and people have become increasingly aware that knee jerk legal passages have become increasingly intrusive into their lives and the lives of others and the community at large and law enforcement are seeking to develop a balance that allows security officials to utilize offender profiling while still protecting civil liberties of every day law abiding citizens. (Peabody, 2002, p. 90)
Some Examples of Effective Use of Offender Profiling
Offender Profiling Rapists
As the old saying goes, some crimes are especially heinous, and sex crimes such as rape are a significant example and a significant social issue that almost everyone would like to see controlled and eradicated from society. Not very many people would argue for the enforcement of civil liberties for rape offenders as such would be contrary to the safety and protection of the whole of the world population. This next section details the manner in which offender profiling is used to profile rapists, both serial and single offenders.
Profiling rape offenders is a technique or group of techniques utilized by law enforcement and investigators to detail the motivations and possible future actions of the rapist. The technique is used to make a profile which could help predict future actions of the rapist, based on the type of victim, location of event, known appearance of the offender as well as his technique and/or communications he had with the victim(s). These bits of information, collectively create a picture of motive and potential next actions so law enforcement can ideally seek out prevention and apprehension mechanisms, though it also utilized to link rape events to a single rapist, often called a serial rapist and is utilized in much the same manner as the profile of murderers. The profiling of rapists can also be seen as one of the most frequently studied psychological subjects, as the law enforcement an dcorrections communites have also attempted to develop a partnership for training profiles with psychological data involving known offenders or those who are considered at risk for offending in sexual and power crimes such as rape and the molestation of children.
There are also data, however, that would suggest that some of what is consid- ered a lack of sensitivity in measurement is actually a reflection of the hetero- geneity in the offender population. Data from other sources (Knight & Prentky, 1990) suggest that there are a variety of typologies of child molesters and that not all may have sexual arousal as a primary motivator. Barbaree and Marshall (1989) provide profile analysis of arousal measures collected in their laboratory and found five profile types with only approximately 35% being what would be considered a typical child molester profile: that is, maximum responding to children with least responding to other stimuli. The rest of the extrafamilial child molesters were fairly evenly divided between normal profile types, non- discriminating profile types, a child-adult type (where arousal is equivalent) and a teen-adult profile (again where arousal is equivalent). Also, it should be noted that Freund and Watson (1991) found better sensitivity among subjects with male victims, and those with more than one victim, and the previously cited study by Miner et al. (1995) suggested that the offenders against males show the most dis- tinctive offense-specific profile. This literature would be consistent with literature related to reoffense in that those with more than one offense and those with male victims tend to have the highest reoffense rates.
Racial Profiling of African-Americans in Lake County, Indiana Students need to have an awareness about racial profiling, who are most likely to be targets for racial profiling, and about the steps necessary to work upon the solutions to racial profiling and this can be understood within the context of racial profiling in North West Carolina. Racial profiling is considered to be one of the vital civil rights concerns of the present
Relevance Juvenile offenders and reoffenders are an important problem facing the United States criminal justice system. For more than one hundred years, states held the belief that the juvenile justice system acted as a vehicle to safeguard the public via offering a structure that enables the rehabilitation of children growing into adulthood. States identified the difference of children committing crimes versus adult offenders (Loeber & Farrington, 2012). For example, the states
Female Sex Offenders Are female sex offenders more evil than male sex offenders? Biological differences in men and women have been thought to contribute to predispositions for various criminal activities. For example, hormonal differences exist between genders and cause significant alterations in behaviors. Men generally have more testosterone which has been correlated with aggressive and competitive behavior in some studies. However, women have higher levels of estrogen and different biological compositions. Studies
"Approximately 27.5% of college women reported experiences that met the legal criteria for rape," even though some of them were not necessarily aware that the actions to which they were subjected satisfied such a definition (Rape and sexual violence, 2013, NIJ). According to the FBI, which defines violent crimes as "murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault," an "estimated 1,246,248 violent crimes occurred nationwide" in 2010 (Rape
Criminal Behavior Approaches to Understand Criminal Behavior Psychological Approaches Sociological Approaches Biological Approaches Psychosurgery Chemical Methods of Control Imagine yourself having a walk in the premises of your house and a stone come flying through the boundary wall and hits you. As a layman, one might face difficulty in defining this incident. It can be termed as an assault, an act of violence or a criminal offence. This is a layman's term to define this act but
Juvenile Community Corrections Corrections in Community-Based Settings Community-based corrections: Factors to consider when dealing with juvenile offenders One seemingly self-evident truth regarding juvenile offenders might seem to be that socio-economic status will have a significant impact upon the individual's ability to find adequate treatment. The research does support the idea that individuals of higher socioeconomic status (SES) are less likely commit juvenile crimes. Also, it would seem that a wealthy, well-connected suburban family
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