Verified Document

Object Relations Theory Development Of Term Paper

During interpretation, patient and therapist work to understand the nature of the patient's disturbed object relationships by the "unconscious meanings of their behavior in their transferential relationship with the therapist" (McGinn, 1998, p. 192) the first phase of interpretation is a time for exploration and free association; at this point, the patient is expressing and the therapist is formulating the meanings of those expressions in terms of object relations. This is followed by an "empathic confrontation," in which the therapist gently guides the patient's maladaptive unconscious object relations into consciousness. Once the patient is conscious of his behaviors, the final phase of interpretation can take place, which is sometimes called a "genetic interpretation" (McGinn, 1998, p. 192). This is when the therapist "uses his interpretations of the current relationship between himself and the patient and links it to unconscious meanings from the patient's past" (McGinn, 1998, p. 192). The purpose of interpretation is to provide the background information and understanding necessary for successful transference work. The present relationship between therapist and patient is the basis for a second technique common to or therapy -- transference analysis -- corresponding roughly to the middle stage of therapy. It is assumed that all patients will begin to "transfer" pathological relationship patterns (object relations) from their past onto the therapist, allowing the therapist to analyze what is going wrong outside of therapy based on what occurs in-session (McGinn, 1998). This is somewhat overlapping with interpretation, but at this point the therapist needs to gradually take on a stable role as a "good-object" for the patient. Then, using his prior interpretation, the therapist can tie the patient's symptoms and treatment goals to one or more overriding themes of abnormal relating (McGinn, 1998). The trustworthy, good-object stance of the therapist will then allow patient and therapist to bring these abnormal behavior patterns into consciousness, where they can hopefully be redefined and reworked into healthier object relations during the final phases of therapy.

The role of the therapist

The role of the or therapist is different from traditional psychoanalysts in that he is expected to show a degree of empathy for the patient's traumatic past and dysfunctional patterns of relating. The patient is likely very frightened, on a primitive level, of bringing his "split-off" object relations into consciousness where they can be confronted and transformed; the therapist needs to be gentle and understanding in order to facilitate successful transference and conscious integration of the self. In addition, the or therapist must work to keep his own countertransference emotions (the reactions and emotions he experiences as a result of being the target of the patient's transference), conscious and in check (McGinn, 1998). If the therapist doesn't successfully maintain his stance as an objective, neutral transference object, he may become...

The therapist must act as a guide, steering carefully around complex and counterproductive defense mechanisms, in order to bring the patient to a point where he can see the truth behind his disorder as a result of personal insight (Murdock, 2009).
Personal reflection

I believe this model of therapeutic treatment, based on or theory, will be an excellent fit for my plans to work with adults with axis-two personality disorders. I personally find the object relations paradigm of the development of the self to be highly understandable and applicable to any form of personality disorder. In particular, I agree with Otto Kernberg's take on the very difficult to treat borderline patient, in terms of those patients' severe splitting between good people and bad people, and in terms of the borderline patient being "stuck" in an immature, black and white, paranoid-schizoid point-of-view.

The challenges I face will apply to all patients with personality disorders. In very general terms, I will be dealing with patients who not only initially see me and treat me as "all-bad" or "all-good," but who are very skilled at manipulating others to behave and react in ways they find familiar. I will have to be very aware at all times of these defense mechanisms, to ensure that I react appropriately and helpfully. For example, a patient who has internalized abusive tendencies from a parent may in turn "attribute those abusing tendencies to the therapist and unconsciously provoke in the therapist such abusive feelings toward them (McGinn, 1998, p. 192). This can happen in very subtle and sneaky ways, particularly with certain personality disordered individuals, so I will have to remain vigilant. Neutrality and empathy will not always be easy, but they are critical to my success as a therapist.

References

Buckley, P. (1996). An Object Relations Perspective on the Nature of Resistance and Therapeutic Change. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 50 (1), 45+.

Buckley, P. (1994). Self-Psychology, Object Relations Theory and Supportive Psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48 (4), 519+.

Knight, Z. (2006). Some Thoughts on the Psychological Roots of the Behavior of Serial Killers as Narcissists: an Object Relations Perspective. Social Behavior and Personality, 34 (10), 1189+.

McGinn, L. (1998). Interview: Otto F. Kernberg, M.D., F.A.P.A., Developer of Object Relations Psychoanalytic Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52 (2), 191+.

Murdock, N.L. (2009). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A case Approach 2E. Pearson Publishing.

Scharff, J.S., & Scharff, D.…

Sources used in this document:
References

Buckley, P. (1996). An Object Relations Perspective on the Nature of Resistance and Therapeutic Change. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 50 (1), 45+.

Buckley, P. (1994). Self-Psychology, Object Relations Theory and Supportive Psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48 (4), 519+.

Knight, Z. (2006). Some Thoughts on the Psychological Roots of the Behavior of Serial Killers as Narcissists: an Object Relations Perspective. Social Behavior and Personality, 34 (10), 1189+.

McGinn, L. (1998). Interview: Otto F. Kernberg, M.D., F.A.P.A., Developer of Object Relations Psychoanalytic Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52 (2), 191+.
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Object Relations Theory
Words: 2900 Length: 10 Document Type: Term Paper

Object Relations Theory What exactly is 'Object Relations Theory'? What does it deal with? What is it about? The Theory as such is based on the belief and conviction that every single person has within themselves a completely world of relations and relationships that may well be quite different and at times even infinitely more compelling and forceful and convincing than what actually is happening in their real world filled with

Therapy the Object Relations Theory of the
Words: 1242 Length: 4 Document Type: Essay

Therapy The object relations theory of the personality developed from the study of the patient-therapist relationship as it relates to the earlier mother-infant dyad. Object relations theory emphasizes the infant's early experiences with its primary caregiver (typically the mother) as the fundamental determinant of the formation of adult personality. The infant's need for attachment is the primary motivating factor in the development of the self. Two schools of Object Relations theorists

Object Relation, Attachment Theories, And
Words: 26278 Length: 90 Document Type: Dissertation

S., experts estimate the genuine number of incidents of abuse and neglect ranges three times higher than reported. (National Child Abuse Statistics, 2006) in light of these critical contemporary concerns for youth, this researcher chose to document the application of Object Relation, Attachment Theories, and Self-Psychology to clinical practice, specifically focusing on a patient who experienced abuse when a child. Consequently, this researcher contends this clinical case study dissertation proves

Personality in Psychology, the Object-Relations
Words: 339 Length: 1 Document Type: Term Paper

As the individual grows, the extended family becomes an increasing part of his or her life. At a certain age, the individual goes to preschool or primary school, and thus becomes part of society as a whole. This is where the primary relationship with the first family unit plays its most important role. I believe that object-relations theory has much to offer in terms of ensuring the healthy development of

Psychoanalytic Model Object Relations
Words: 951 Length: 3 Document Type: Research Paper

Psychoanalytic Model (Object Relations) The object relations concept is a variant of the psychoanalytic theory, which deviates from the idea held by Sigmund Freud that mankind is driven by aggressive and sexual drives. Instead, psychoanalytic theory puts forward the notion that man is primarily driven by a need to forge relationships with others (i.e. contact). Object relations therapists aim to aid clients in uncovering early mental pictures that can further any

Psychoanalytic Model Object Relations
Words: 3548 Length: 9 Document Type: Research Paper

Psychoanalytic Model (Object Relations) In this paper, the object relations psychoanalytic model will be employed for solving a family issue; the family in question is taken from movie. The paper will further delineate key object relations concepts, the theory's assumptions, and its application to the aforementioned movie. The chosen model The object relations concept is a variant of the psychoanalytic theory, which deviates from the idea held by Sigmund Freud that mankind is

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now