Nursing and Issue of Falls
Falls are responsible for considerable morbidity, immobility, and mortality among older persons, especially those living in nursing homes. Falls can occur in a home, community, long-term rehabilitation, or acute care Setting (Laurence Z.R. et.al, 1994). The risk of falls can be related mostly to mobility status, exposure to hazardous environments and risk-taking behaviors such as climbing ladders for seniors living in the community setting. Factors for a fall in hospitalized adults are greatly influenced by acute illness that often has a marked, albeit temporary, impact on physical and cognitive function compounded by care provided in unfamiliar surroundings in the long-term care setting, the risk factors for falls are influenced by impaired cognition, wandering or impulsive behavior, use of psychotropic medications, incontinence and urgency, lack of Exercise, unsafe environments, and low staffing levels. Patient falls are serious problems
In acute care hospitals and are used as a standard metric of nursing care quality (Dykes et.al, 2009).
Causes of fall
Gait disorders, weakness, dizziness, and confusion, are some of the causes of fall in Frail, high-risk persons living in institutions, whereas the falls of community-living persons are more related to their environment. In the nursing home for instance, gait problems and weakness account for most of the falls .investigators of case control studies in nursing homes have reported that more than two thirds of persons who have fallen have substantial gait disorder.
Aging is associated with other deteriorations that impair gait, including increased postural sway; decreased gait velocity, stride length, and step height; prolonged reaction time; and decreased visual acuity and depth perception. Gait problems can also stem from dysfunction of the nervous, musculoskeletal, circulatory, or respiratory systems, as well as from simple reconditioning after a period of inactivity.
Dizziness has also been commonly reported by elderly persons who have fallen. This symptom however is often hard to evaluate since the term "dizziness" may means different things to different people. However, True vertigo, a sensation of rotational movement, is believed to show a disorder of the vestibular apparatus, for instance benign positional vertigo, acute labyrinthitis, or Meniere disease. Symptoms described as "imbalance on walking" often reflects a gait disorder.
Major causes of reported falls at both the nursing home and...
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