Introduction
Adaptive response refers to how the human body protects itself from injury or infection. It is the third line of defense after inflammatory response and innate immunity (Huether & McCance, 2017). Advanced practice nurses should understand patient’s adaptive responses to alterations caused by disease processes. This paper explains the pathophysiology of tonsillitis, irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), and stress responses as determined from scenario 1, 2 and 3 (see Appendix A). In addition, it presents the mind map of tonsillitis that shows epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and adaptive responses.
Scenario 1: Acute Tonsillitis
The conclusion from scenario 1 (see Appendix A) is a 2-years-old female patient suffering from on and off fever, sore throat, and swallowing pain for three days. Physical examination shows the patient’s throat is red with 4 tonsils, diffuse exudates, and palpable tender anterior cervical nodes. Patient's vital signs reveal a heart rate of 128 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute, and temperature of 102.30F. These symptoms and signs are clinical presentations of acute tonsillitis.
Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the palatine tonsil (part of the waldeyer ring) by viral or bacterial infections (Skovbjerg et al., 2015). The waldeyer ring consists of a few lymph nodes that produce lymphocytes and antibodies. So, it acts as a defensive wall that attacks pathogens in food, drink, or air respiration. Common viruses that cause tonsillitis include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, and influenza. The most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis is Group A Streptococcus. In reality, distinguishing between viral and bacterial acute tonsillitis is difficult (Skovbjerg et al., 2015).
Acute tonsillitis begins with the infiltration of Group A Streptococcus to the epithelial layer of palatine tonsils. Once the invasion has occurred, the mast cells are triggered and inflammatory mediators (cytokines)...
The human body is capable of developing adaptive responses in order to deal with foreign invaders. The body has the capability of shaping itself in certain ways in order for it to respond to various attacks, body exhaustion, or body injury. This paper will analyze the adaptive responses that are seen as symptoms for various scenarios, In the first scenario, the two-year-old is experiencing a running temperature and a sore
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