Norms of Behavior
Behavioral theorists have long recognized the influence of norms upon behavior, and for decades at least, practitioners have tried to use the media, group opinion leaders, and small-group or other interactive activities in sexuality and HIV education classes to change norms and to thereby change behavior. In addition, for a variety of reasons, people have tried to increase connectedness between youth and their families, schools and faith communities. Thus, simply recognizing that norms and connectedness influence behavior is not new. However, what is striking is the extent to which social norms, connectedness and their interaction partially explain so many research findings involving both risk and protective factors and the impact of programs. While no single theory can explain, all findings on adolescent sexual behavior are remarkably powerful.
Young teens are more likely to have sexual intercourse if they believe their friends have already done so, according to a specialist in adolescent medicine from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. "Sexual initiation is a planned activity for these young adolescents, who often make their decisions at the beginning of the school year. The main motivation for adolescents to participate in sexual activity is not because 'it's cool' but because they don't want to be left behind," (O'Sullivan, L.F., Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L., & Watkins, B.X. (1999, August).
Parents and educators can address the issue of early sexual initiation by focusing on peer groups rather than solely focusing on an individual teen, Increasing rates of HIV among urban adolescents have raised concerns about their participation in risk behaviors. Little is known about the developmental processes of normal sexual behavior in early adolescence, particularly among urban adolescent girls. Efforts to reduce rates of adolescent participation in risky sexual behavior have had only limited success. To curtail the incidence of new HIV and STD infections, we must develop and implement interventions that effectively promote safer sexual behaviors. Past researchers have examined a range of social networks associated with the onset and experience of sexual activity, yet most have failed to examine the intermediary step which is how these social interactions are interpreted by adolescents, and ultimately contribute to their sexual expectations, decisions, and behavior.
Girls' interactions with others during the process of socialization are assumed to affect their understanding of sexual roles, and hence, acquisition of socio sexual cognitions (i.e., attitudes, expectations, beliefs about...
Human Behavior: Values, Cultural Design, And Control We are all controlled by the world in which we live, and part of the world has been and will be constructed by men. The question is this: Are we to be controlled by accidents, by tyrants, or by ourselves in effective cultural design?" - B.F. Skinner Cultural Design is much like "instrumental conditioning," where people are conditioned to respond favorably to a situation or
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Criminal Behavior Approaches to Understand Criminal Behavior Psychological Approaches Sociological Approaches Biological Approaches Psychosurgery Chemical Methods of Control Imagine yourself having a walk in the premises of your house and a stone come flying through the boundary wall and hits you. As a layman, one might face difficulty in defining this incident. It can be termed as an assault, an act of violence or a criminal offence. This is a layman's term to define this act but
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" (Halpin and Burt, 1998) DuBois states: "The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife -- this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost. He would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He would not bleach
Because there was not the time or means to get a very diverse population of individuals, there may be some limitations when it comes to social class as well as previous levels of aggression in the children and youths. There are only two girls compared with the eight boys. This may be considered a limitation as well, but more parents of boys answered the ad and this may be because
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