Neurological System
The nervous system is composed of an interlocked system of neurons. The neurons conduct impulses to and from the periphery. They also interconnect with each other to deliver impulses to the various parts of the brain. Neurons generate and conduct electrical impulses by selectively changing the electrical gradient of their membrane and releasing neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters may be inhibitory or excitatory. Through time, as new skills are adapted or new information is learned, new circuits are formed. With the repetition of learned information, the new circuits undergo myelination. This enables the neurons to conduct impulses faster. The ability of the nervous system to make or break new circuits is responsible for functions of the mind. (McCance & Huether, 2010)
Visual problems can be either congenital or acquired. The most common visual disorders are errors of refraction, strabismus, cataract and retinopathies. Patients with errors of refraction can either be hypermetropic, myopic or astigmatic. Hypermetropia and myopia occur because of an alteration in the axial length of the eyeball, change in the lens or cornea curvatures or due to a displacement of the lens. Hypermetropia is treated with a convex lens whereas a concave lens is used to treat myopia. Astigmatism occurs due a change in the curvature meridian of the cornea or lens, for example in keratoconus, cataract or lenticonus. . This condition is treated with a hard contact lens, or cylindrical or spherocylindrical lenses. All refractive errors can lead to strabismus, which is treated by correcting the underlying error or through surgery. Symptoms of refractive errors and strabismus are similar; they include: eyeaches, headaches, difficulty concentrating and blurred vision. Strabismus may also present with an intermittent squint, that may not be immediately apparent. (Riordan-Eva & Cunningham, 2011)
Cataracts are most commonly because of age related degenerative changes in the lens. It can however also occur due to trauma, drugs, metabolic disorders, or as a part of other congenital syndromes, such as Down's. In the initial phase of the disease, patients usually experience...
These indications then proceed to the neuromuscular connections of skeletal muscles. From there, acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal knobs of alpha motor neurons and received by postsynaptic receptors of muscles, thereby communicating the stimulus to contract muscle fibers (Ihlen & Vereijken, 2010). Psychological Influences Research on patient's brains scanned by Positron Emmision Tomography have designated that the kind of thoughts people have influence the balance of brain chemicals, so
Theoretical Perspective of the Approach The approach's personality models are grounded on biological models. The models are based on empirical human and animal findings concerning the associations between neurological system functions and personality dimensions. Traits that are measured are reward-dependence, harm avoidance, novelty-seeking etc. The hypothesis is that they are grounded on genetic and neurochemical influences. For instance, sensation-seeking and explorative tendencies like drug usage make use of dopaminergic pathways, and
An interesting view of the immune system with particular implications for the current review and collation of information is provided by the field of computer science. The immune system makes many series of continual trade-offs, distributing resources in a way that necessarily leaves certain vulnerabilities in the system as a whole while providing greater comprehensiveness in coverage and protection when necessary (Hofmeyr 1997). This makes the immune system an adaptive
Neuroscience and Human Development One of the most noticeable aspects of human beings involves the changes in shape, size, form, and function of the individual from a newly formed fetus to a fully grown adult. As the single most successful organism on Earth, human beings have developed, through millions of years of evolutionary adaptations, integrated yet malleable systems involving biological, physiological, emotional and intellectual components. This paper will review some of
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a complex medical condition that affects about 5 million American people. The condition is characterized by "chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, stiffness, impaired memory and concentration, anxiety and depression." (Facts of Life, 2001). Sleep disturbance and an increased sensitivity to pain follow a cyclic pattern in individuals having FMS, the result of which is a positive feedback loop. (Etiology of Fibromyalgia, 2003). Typically, fibromyalgia affects women,
At one point or another in our lives, we are all beginners. We begin college, a first job, a first love affair, and perhaps a first dissertation project. We bring a great deal to these new situations, including our temperament, previous education, and family situations. Yet, as adults, we also learn. In romantic relationships, couples report having to learn how to interact successfully with their partners. College students routinely report
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now