Kennedy had to find out what the other side really wanted. (Ury, 1993, p.12) in 1962, the Soviet Union lagged behind the United States militarily, as Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe but U.S. missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. Thus, Khrushchev had used intermediate-range missiles in Cuba because a "deployment in Cuba would double the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide a real deterrent to a potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union," once the missiles were assembled ("An Overview of the Crisis," the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1997). In short, the U.S.S.R. wanted security, and security would also mean a safe, and a face-saving way out of the current situation.
Step 4: Reframe
Kennedy shifted to openness, from secrecy, and declared that any nuclear action launched from Cuba against a nation of the Western Hemisphere would be deemed a hostile act upon the United States, and demanded the missiles be withdrawn ("Public Phase," the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1997). As tensions escalated, "Kennedy believed that only an invasion or a trade (for missiles in Turkey) would now succeed ("Ends of a Rope," the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1997).
Step 5: Build a golden bridge
However, Kennedy did not listen to his most militaristic advisors, who wished there to be an invasion, especially after a U-2 plane that had flown accidentally into Soviet airspace was shot down. Instead, even after receiving conflicting messages, during the public negotiations, Kennedy held onto an original proposal, that...
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