NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR (not unequal to many things)
History is written for historians to understand. If Schleiman's Troy had 16 layers to it before finding virgin ground, so is history a layered version written by the State Historian for the Ruler. To be recorded as Official History. But, like the 20,000 people that may live in a crowd, history, such wise, has 20,000 versions. For each life is sacred. And each existence original.
The historical context of the ten given sources span from Africa to the Americas to China. In the 15th Century, this was right at the end of Umayyid rule, circa 1492 with the fall of Granada in Spain and the Mongol invasion in 1362 in Persia. In between in Europe, was the beginning of the Renaissance (1560). It was the end of the Dark Middle ages of the Occident and the beginning of the Dark Ages of the Orient.
The Mongols of Barbary were known to be the destroyers of the Earth. The came, they razed to the ground, they burned, pillaged, raped and went away. They never built. Except on two occasions: The Mughal Empire and the Ottoman Empire. It seems fascinating to contemplate the idea that when there is no civilization, then one deals in concepts. And these concepts act as pollinating grounds for further intellectual thought for these thoughts come from vast spaces and endless horizons. So it was that when the Mongols of Barbary decided to build, they did so based upon the freedom of intellectual thought and concept.
Akbar, the Mughal Emperor reigned 50 years and his time period in history is known as the 'golden age' of the Mughal Period of India. His son, Jahangir is quoted in the text given and he acceded his father to rule India between 1605-1627. At the same time as Akbar, Suleiman I (1520-1566) had ushered in the 'golden age' of the Ottoman Empire. Emperor Jahangir writes in the excerpt given of his accession to the throne, but also is included in this little vignette is some wisdom that he learned from his father, Akbar (translated from the Persian by Major David Price). The first five Mughal emperors were perhaps the most religious in virtue of rule. For even Ibn Khuldun, historian of Arab origin says that a dynasty begins...
Magistrates of Parlement established uniform procedural codes for each of the royal courts and along with this, the importance of judicial responsibilities increased among Parlement members. Regard for legislative, administrative and judicial power became more about loyalty to the crown and interests expressed by the monarch rather than about serving local interests. Through this compliance with centralization of power, the actions of Parlement can be viewed as efforts made
Louis XIV Absolutism The Fronde was enabled by a number of government conditions, not the least of which was that created by the ravages of the 30 Years War in which large sets of the population, particularly those engaged in martial affairs, became used to a degree of autonomy and near lawlessness. Furthermore, this sentiment was fueled by an increasing feeling of dissatisfaction in regards to the centralized power which
Louis XIV's economic and political impact on the lower class with that of William and Mary European societies in the late seventeenth century were stratified and hierarchical. Society was viewed as being structured into orders, with each social order fulfilling a particular function in society as a whole, and the entire system being understood as a reflection of a divinely-ordered harmony that pervaded the universe. At the top of this hierarchical
9. How did the new psychology influenced the birth of key movements in the arts: expressionism, dada, and surrealism? Surrealism, dada, and expressionism represent three generations of avante garde protest against "rational" modernism and the meaningless, war and violence filled society that it brought about. They were a reaction against modernism and their great grandchild, postmodernism continues this tradition of social protest. The new psychology of individuals such as Freud
The king of France was more than just a simple leader, as he claimed that he was entitled to the country's throne through divine right. Louis XIV was able to make laws, to increase or decrease taxes, to administrate the state and justice, and to determine whether or not France would express interest in allying itself with other countries. All influential individuals in France were practically forced to check with
Beik underlines the fact that collecting a huge amount of data required much more personnel and a far better way of communicating with the city and the village representatives, than Colbert could have ever dreamed of at that time. Nevertheless his achievements in collecting this date are remarkable. Based on these gatherings and his intuition and economic knowledge, Colbert was able to prepare and present to the king reforms
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